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Despite the popularity of retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) as a solution for grounded QA in both academia and industry, current RAG methods struggle with questions where the necessary information is distributed across many documents or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Nathan Scales , Nathanael Schärli , Olivier Bousquet

Question Answering (QA) research is a significant and challenging task in Natural Language Processing. QA aims to extract an exact answer from a relevant text snippet or a document. The motivation behind QA research is the need of user who…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-10-10 Lokesh Kumar Sharma , Namita Mittal

This work aims to delve deeper into prompt-based event argument extraction (EAE) models. We explore the impact of incorporating various types of information into the prompt on model performance, including trigger, other role arguments for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Chen Liang

Textbook question answering (TQA) is a challenging task in artificial intelligence due to the complex nature of context needed to answer complex questions. Although previous research has improved the task, there are still some limitations…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Hessa Abdulrahman Alawwad , Areej Alhothali , Usman Naseem , Ali Alkhathlan , Amani Jamal

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have shown impressive capabilities in jointly understanding text, images, and videos, often evaluated via Visual Question Answering (VQA). However, even state-of-the-art MLLMs struggle with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Alberto Compagnoni , Marco Morini , Sara Sarto , Federico Cocchi , Davide Caffagni , Marcella Cornia , Lorenzo Baraldi , Rita Cucchiara

In the realm of education, student evaluation holds equal significance to imparting knowledge. To be evaluated, students usually need to go through text-based academic assessment methods. Instructors need to make a diverse set of questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Md. Alvee Ehsan , A. S. M Mehedi Hasan , Kefaya Benta Shahnoor , Syeda Sumaiya Tasneem

Event extraction is typically modeled as a multi-class classification problem where event types and argument roles are treated as atomic symbols. These approaches are usually limited to a set of pre-defined types. We propose a novel event…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Sijia Wang , Mo Yu , Shiyu Chang , Lichao Sun , Lifu Huang

Event extraction aims to recognize pre-defined event triggers and arguments from texts, which suffer from the lack of high-quality annotations. In most NLP applications, involving a large scale of synthetic training data is a practical and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-17 bo wang , Heyan Huang , Xiaochi Wei , Ge Shi , Xiao Liu , Chong Feng , Tong Zhou , Shuaiqiang Wang , Dawei Yin

Retriever-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted approach for enhancing the factual accuracy of large language models (LLMs). While current benchmarks evaluate the performance of RAG methods from various perspectives, they…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Kepu Zhang , Zhongxiang Sun , Weijie Yu , Xiaoxue Zang , Kai Zheng , Yang Song , Han Li , Jun Xu

Generating questions along with associated answers from a text has applications in several domains, such as creating reading comprehension tests for students, or improving document search by providing auxiliary questions and answers based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Asahi Ushio , Fernando Alva-Manchego , Jose Camacho-Collados

Competency question (CQ) formulation is central to several ontology development and evaluation methodologies. Traditionally, the task of crafting these competency questions heavily relies on the effort of domain experts and knowledge…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xueli Pan , Jacco van Ossenbruggen , Victor de Boer , Zhisheng Huang

Automatic question generation (AQG) has broad applicability in domains such as tutoring systems, conversational agents, healthcare literacy, and information retrieval. Existing efforts at AQG have been limited to short answer lengths of up…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Shlok Kumar Mishra , Pranav Goel , Abhishek Sharma , Abhyuday Jagannatha , David Jacobs , Hal Daumé

The Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) framework utilizes a combination of parametric knowledge and external knowledge to demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on open-domain question answering tasks. However, the RAG framework suffers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Kiseung Kim , Jay-Yoon Lee

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) improves Large Language Models (LLMs) by grounding generation in external, non-parametric knowledge. However, when a task requires choosing among competing options, simply grounding generation in broadly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Hangeol Chang , Changsun Lee , Seungjoon Rho , Junho Yeo , Jong Chul Ye

Medical Question Answering~(medical QA) systems play an essential role in assisting healthcare workers in finding answers to their questions. However, it is not sufficient to merely provide answers by medical QA systems because users might…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-03 Wei Sun , Mingxiao Li , Damien Sileo , Jesse Davis , Marie-Francine Moens

Question generation (QG) is a natural language generation task where a model is trained to ask questions corresponding to some input text. Most recent approaches frame QG as a sequence-to-sequence problem and rely on additional features and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Luis Enrico Lopez , Diane Kathryn Cruz , Jan Christian Blaise Cruz , Charibeth Cheng

Events are inter-related in documents. Motivated by the one-sense-per-discourse theory, we hypothesize that a participant tends to play consistent roles across multiple events in the same document. However recent work on document-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-31 Qi Zeng , Qiusi Zhan , Heng Ji

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a popular technique for using large language models (LLMs) to build customer-support, question-answering solutions. In this paper, we share our team's practical experience building and maintaining…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Sarah Packowski , Inge Halilovic , Jenifer Schlotfeldt , Trish Smith

Event Argument Extraction (EAE) is an extremely difficult information extraction problem -- with significant limitations in few-shot cross-domain (FSCD) settings. A common solution to FSCD modeling is data augmentation. Unfortunately,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Joseph Gatto , Parker Seegmiller , Omar Sharif , Sarah M. Preum

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has become the standard in long context question answering (QA) systems. However, typical implementations of RAG rely on a rather naive retrieval mechanism, in which texts whose embeddings are most…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Keyush Shah , Abhishek Goyal , Isaac Wasserman