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Traditional automated theorem provers have relied on manually tuned heuristics to guide how they perform proof search. Recently, however, there has been a surge of interest in the design of learning mechanisms that can be integrated into…

We first propose algorithms for checking language equivalence of finite automata over a large alphabet. We use symbolic automata, where the transition function is compactly represented using a (multi-terminal) binary decision diagrams…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Damien Pous

Despite the recent progress in automatic theorem provers, proof engineers are still suffering from the lack of powerful proof automation. In this position paper we first report our proof strategy language based on a meta-tool approach.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-12 Yutaka Nagashima

Lean is an increasingly popular proof assistant based on dependent type theory. Despite its success, it still lacks important automation features present in more seasoned proof assistants, such as the Sledgehammer tactic in Isabelle/HOL. A…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Abdalrhman Mohamed , Tomaz Mascarenhas , Harun Khan , Haniel Barbosa , Andrew Reynolds , Yicheng Qian , Cesare Tinelli , Clark Barrett

The large language models (LLMs) might produce a persuasive argument within mathematical and logical fields, although such argument often includes some minor missteps, including the entire omission of side conditions, invalid inference…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Kranthi Kommuru , Kunal Khanvilkar , Gaurav Parekh

LLM-based formal proof assistants (e.g., in Lean) hold great promise for automating mathematical discovery. But beyond syntactic correctness, do these systems truly understand mathematical structure as humans do? We investigate this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Haoyu Zhao , Yihan Geng , Shange Tang , Yong Lin , Bohan Lyu , Hongzhou Lin , Chi Jin , Sanjeev Arora

In technology mapping, the quality of the final implementation heavily relies on the circuit structure after technology-independent optimization. Recent studies have introduced equality saturation as a novel optimization approach. However,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Chen Chen , Guangyu HU , Cunxi Yu , Yuzhe Ma , Hongce Zhang

Evaluating statement autoformalization, translating natural language mathematics into formal languages like Lean 4, remains a significant challenge, with few metrics, datasets, and standards to robustly measure progress. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Auguste Poiroux , Gail Weiss , Viktor Kunčak , Antoine Bosselut

Machine-assisted theorem proving refers to the process of conducting structured reasoning to automatically generate proofs for mathematical theorems. Recently, there has been a surge of interest in using machine learning models in…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Leni Aniva , Chuyue Sun , Brando Miranda , Clark Barrett , Sanmi Koyejo

We propose a synthesis of the two proof styles of interactive theorem proving: the procedural style (where proofs are scripts of commands, like in Coq) and the declarative style (where proofs are texts in a controlled natural language, like…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-01 Freek Wiedijk

Mathematical theorems are human knowledge able to be accumulated in the form of symbolic representation, and proving theorems has been considered intelligent behavior. Based on the BHK interpretation and the Curry-Howard isomorphism, proof…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2016-04-18 Li-An Yang , Jui-Pin Liu , Chao-Hong Chen , Ying-ping Chen

Formal theorem proving with TLA+ provides rigorous guarantees for system specifications, but constructing proofs requires substantial expertise and effort. While large language models have shown promise in automating proofs for tactic-based…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuhao Zhou , Stavros Tripakis

We address the problem of translating informal mathematical proofs expressed in natural language into formal proofs in Lean4 under a constrained computational budget. Our approach is grounded in two key insights. First, informal proofs tend…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Ziyu Wang , Bowen Yang , Chenyi Li , Yuan Zhang , Shihao Zhou , Bin Dong , Zaiwen Wen

Mechanized theorem proving is becoming the basis of reliable systems programming and rigorous mathematics. Despite decades of progress in proof automation, writing mechanized proofs still requires engineers' expertise and remains labor…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-04-19 Yutaka Nagashima

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in generating mathematical proofs. However, a persistent challenge is that LLMs occasionally make mistakes, while even a minor mistake can invalidate an entire proof.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-03-10 David Yin , Jing Gao

A number of flexible tactic-based logical frameworks are nowadays available that can implement a wide range of mathematical theories using a common higher-order metalanguage. Used as proof assistants, one of the advantages of such powerful…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-03-26 João Marcos

Formal theorem-proving benchmarks enable mechanically verifiable evaluation of mathematical reasoning in large language models. However, existing benchmarks mainly focus on Olympiad-style problems and algebraic domains, leaving…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Wentao Long , Yunfei Zhang , Chenyi Li , Li Zhou , Chumin Sun , Zaiwen Wen

In mathematics, it is common practice to have several constructions for the same objects. Mathematicians will identify them modulo isomorphism and will not worry later on which construction they use, as theorems proved for one construction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2015-07-10 Théo Zimmermann , Hugo Herbelin

Recent advances in the integration of deep learning with automated theorem proving have centered around the representation of logical formulae as inputs to deep learning systems. In particular, there has been a growing interest in adapting…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-06-08 Maxwell Crouse , Ibrahim Abdelaziz , Cristina Cornelio , Veronika Thost , Lingfei Wu , Kenneth Forbus , Achille Fokoue

With recent algorithmic improvements and easy-to-use libraries, equality saturation is being picked up for hardware design, program synthesis, theorem proving, program optimization, and more. Existing work on using equality saturation for…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Jules Merckx , Alexandre Lopoukhine , Samuel Coward , Jianyi Cheng , Bjorn De Sutter , Tobias Grosser