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Large language models (large LMs) are susceptible to producing text that contains hallucinated content. An important instance of this problem is self-contradiction, where the LM generates two contradictory sentences within the same context.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Niels Mündler , Jingxuan He , Slobodan Jenko , Martin Vechev

Mitigating the generation of contradictory responses poses a substantial challenge in dialogue response generation. The quality and quantity of available contradictory response data play a vital role in suppressing these contradictions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Shiki Sato , Reina Akama , Jun Suzuki , Kentaro Inui

Multimodal Large Language Models are primarily trained and evaluated on aligned image-text pairs, which leaves their ability to detect and resolve real-world inconsistencies largely unexplored. In open-domain applications visual and textual…

We introduce a novel data generation method for contradiction detection, which leverages the generative power of large language models as well as linguistic rules. Our vision is to provide a condensed corpus of prototypical contradictions,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Maren Pielka , Svetlana Schmidt , Rafet Sifa

Assessing performance in Natural Language Processing is becoming increasingly complex. One particular challenge is the potential for evaluation datasets to overlap with training data, either directly or indirectly, which can lead to skewed…

Disinformation is among the top risks of generative artificial intelligence (AI) misuse. Global adoption of generative AI necessitates red-teaming evaluations (i.e., systematic adversarial probing) that are robust across diverse languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alejandro Cuevas , Saloni Dash , Bharat Kumar Nayak , Dan Vann , Madeleine I. G. Daepp

Consistency Identification has obtained remarkable success on open-domain dialogue, which can be used for preventing inconsistent response generation. However, in contrast to the rapid development in open-domain dialogue, few efforts have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-24 Libo Qin , Tianbao Xie , Shijue Huang , Qiguang Chen , Xiao Xu , Wanxiang Che

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems have emerged as a powerful method for enhancing large language models (LLMs) with up-to-date information. However, the retrieval step in RAG can sometimes surface documents containing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Vignesh Gokul , Srikanth Tenneti , Alwarappan Nakkiran

Dialogue contradiction is a critical issue in open-domain dialogue systems. The contextualization nature of conversations makes dialogue contradiction detection rather challenging. In this work, we propose a benchmark for Contradiction…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Chujie Zheng , Jinfeng Zhou , Yinhe Zheng , Libiao Peng , Zhen Guo , Wenquan Wu , Zhengyu Niu , Hua Wu , Minlie Huang

How do language models use contextual information to answer health questions? How are their responses impacted by conflicting contexts? We assess the ability of language models to reason over long, conflicting biomedical contexts using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Boya Zhang , Alban Bornet , Rui Yang , Nan Liu , Douglas Teodoro

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as black-box components in real-world applications, red teaming has become essential for identifying potential risks. It tests LLMs with adversarial prompts to uncover…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Jiale Ding , Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Cong Wang , Wei-Bin Lee , Ling Pan , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In a plethora of recent work, large language models (LLMs) demonstrated impressive reasoning ability, but many proposed downstream reasoning tasks only focus on final answers. Two fundamental questions persist: 1) how consistent is the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Ziyi Liu , Soumya Sanyal , Isabelle Lee , Yongkang Du , Rahul Gupta , Yang Liu , Jieyu Zhao

We introduce a formal distinction between contradictions and disagreements in natural language texts, motivated by the need to formally reason about contradictory medical guidelines. This is a novel and potentially very useful distinction,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Wlodek Zadrozny , Hossein Hematialam , Luciana Garbayo

The problem of explaining inconsistency-tolerant reasoning in knowledge bases (KBs) is a prominent topic in Artificial Intelligence (AI). While there is some work on this problem, the explanations provided by existing approaches often lack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Loan Ho , Stefan Schlobach

Building an intelligent dialogue system with the ability to select a proper response according to a multi-turn context is a great challenging task. Existing studies focus on building a context-response matching model with various neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-15 Ruijian Xu , Chongyang Tao , Daxin Jiang , Xueliang Zhao , Dongyan Zhao , Rui Yan

To quantify how well natural language understanding models can capture consistency in a general conversation, we introduce the DialoguE COntradiction DEtection task (DECODE) and a new conversational dataset containing both human-human and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Yixin Nie , Mary Williamson , Mohit Bansal , Douwe Kiela , Jason Weston

As LLMs gain persuasive capabilities through extended dialogues, they create new opportunities for studying adversarial conversational behavior in extended interaction settings that traditional single-turn safety evaluations fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiangzhe Yuan , Zhenhao Zhang , Haoming Tang , Siying Hu

Humans typically use natural language to update teammates on task states. Since not all updates are communicated, discrepancies arise between the team members' mental models that negatively affect overall team performance. How can we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Katharine Kowalyshyn , Matthias Scheutz

Contrastive learning has become a popular approach in natural language processing, particularly for the learning of sentence embeddings. However, the discrete nature of natural language makes it difficult to ensure the quality of positive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Qinyuan Cheng , Xiaogui Yang , Tianxiang Sun , Linyang Li , Xipeng Qiu

The utilization of social media material in journalistic workflows is increasing, demanding automated methods for the identification of mis- and disinformation. Since textual contradiction across social media posts can be a signal of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-12 Piroska Lendvai , Uwe D. Reichel
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