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The growing demand for high-speed, ultra-reliable, and low-latency communications in 5G and beyond networks has significantly driven up power consumption, particularly within the Radio Access Network (RAN). This surge in energy demand poses…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Yi Chu , Gurdeep Singh , Charles Turyagyenda , Dritan Kaleshi , David Grace , Hamed Ahmadi

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) is a transformative paradigm that supports openness, interoperability, and intelligence, with the O-RAN architecture being the most recognized framework in academia and industry. In the context of Open RAN,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-24 Qiao Wang , Swarna Chetty , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Xuanyu Liang , Yi Chu , Hamed Ahmadi

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) along with artificial intelligence, machine learning, cloud and edge networking, and virtualization are important enablers for designing flexible and software-driven programmable wireless networks. In…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-01 Ali Fuat Sahin , Onur Salan , Ibrahim Hokelek , Ali Gorcin

With over 3.5 million 5G base stations deployed globally, their collective energy consumption (projected to exceed 131 TWh annually) raises significant concerns over both operational costs and environmental impacts. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Jie Lu , Peihao Yan , Huacheng Zeng

Open Radio Access Network (RAN) is a key paradigm to attain unprecedented flexibility of the RAN via disaggregation and Artificial Intelligence (AI)-based applications called xApps. In dense areas with many active RAN nodes, compute…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Antonio Calagna , Stefano Maxenti , Leonardo Bonati , Salvatore D'Oro , Tommaso Melodia , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

5G and beyond mobile networks will support heterogeneous use cases at an unprecedented scale, thus demanding automated control and optimization of network functionalities customized to the needs of individual users. Such fine-grained…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Andrea Lacava , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Rahul Soundrarajan , Bhawani Shanker Bhati , Tarunjeet Singh , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

As Open Radio Access Networks (O-RAN) continue to expand, AI-driven applications (xApps) are increasingly being deployed enhance network management. However, developing xApps without formal verification risks introducing logical…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Roberto Metere , Kangfeng Ye , Yue Gu , Zhi Zhang , Dalal Alrajeh , Michele Sevegnani , Poonam Yadav

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic

This paper addresses the critical challenge posed by the increasing energy consumption in mobile networks, particularly with the advent of Sixth Generation (6G) technologies. We propose an adaptive network management framework that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Gustavo Z. Bruno , Gabriel M. Almeida , Aloizio Da Silva , Luiz A. DaSilva , Joao F. Santos , Alexandre Huff , Kleber V. Cardoso , Cristiano B. Both

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) offers an open, programmable architecture for next-generation wireless networks, enabling advanced control through AI-based applications on the near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller (near-RT RIC).…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Ryan Barker , Alireza Ebrahimi Dorcheh , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah

Network virtualization, software-defined infrastructure, and orchestration are pivotal elements in contemporary networks, yielding new vectors for optimization and novel capabilities. In line with these principles, O-RAN presents an avenue…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Stefano Maxenti , Salvatore D'Oro , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Antonio Capone , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architecture aims to support a plethora of network services, such as beam management and network slicing, through the use of third-party applications called xApps. To efficiently provide network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Federico Mungari , Corrado Puligheddu , Andres Garcia-Saavedra , Carla Fabiana Chiasserini

O-RAN is radically shifting how cellular networks are designed, deployed and optimized through network programmability, disaggregation, and virtualization. Specifically, RAN Intelligent Controllers (RICs) can orchestrate and optimize the…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-05-12 Andrea Lacava , Matteo Bordin , Michele Polese , Rajarajan Sivaraj , Tommaso Zugno , Francesca Cuomo , Tommaso Melodia

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is transforming the telecommunications landscape by enabling flexible, intelligent, and multi-vendor networks. Central to its architecture are xApps hosted on the Near-Real-Time RAN Intelligent Controller…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Anastasios Giannopoulos , Sotirios Spantideas , Levis George , Kalafatelis Alexandros , Panagiotis Trakadas

5G and beyond mobile telecommunication networks are increasingly embracing software technologies in their operation and control, similar to what has powered the growth of the cloud. This is most recently seen in the radio access network…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Philip Rodgers , Paul Harvey

This paper presents a detailed and flexible power consumption model for Radio Units (RUs) in O-RAN using the ns3-oran simulator. This is the first ns3-oran model supporting xApp control to perform the RU power modeling. In contrast to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Abdul Wadud , Nima Afraz

This paper introduces a proactive Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) mobility management xApp for Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) Near Real-Time Radio Intelligent Controller (Near-RT RIC) environments, employing Double Deep Q-Network (DDQN)…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Ali Zaidi , Aubida A. Al-Hameed , Abdelaziz Salama , Des Mclernon

The transition toward softwarized Radio Access Networks (RANs), driven by the Open RAN (O-RAN) paradigm, enables flexible, vendor-neutral deployments through disaggregation and virtualization of base station functions. However, this shift…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Francisco Crespo , Javier Villegas , Carlos Baena , Eduardo Baena , Sergio Fortes , Raquel Barco

The highly heterogeneous ecosystem of Next Generation (NextG) wireless communication systems calls for novel networking paradigms where functionalities and operations can be dynamically and optimally reconfigured in real time to adapt to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Maria Tsampazi , Salvatore D'Oro , Michele Polese , Leonardo Bonati , Gwenael Poitau , Michael Healy , Tommaso Melodia

The ongoing transformation of mobile networks from proprietary physical network boxes to virtualized functions and deployment models has led to more scalable and flexible network architectures capable of adapting to specific use cases. As…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-23 Tolga O. Atalay , Sudip Maitra , Dragoslav Stojadinovic , Angelos Stavrou , Haining Wang
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