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Teaching plays a very important role in our society, by spreading human knowledge and educating our next generations. A good teacher will select appropriate teaching materials, impact suitable methodologies, and set up targeted…

Textual content around us is growing on a daily basis. Numerous articles are being written as we speak on online newspapers, blogs, or social media. Similarly, recent advances in the AI field, like language models or traditional classic AI…

Deep learning has arguably achieved tremendous success in recent years. In simple words, deep learning uses the composition of many nonlinear functions to model the complex dependency between input features and labels. While neural networks…

Machine Learning algorithms are extensively used in an increasing number of systems, applications, technologies, and products, both in industry and in society as a whole. They enable computing devices to learn from previous experience and…

Partial differential equations (PDEs) govern physical phenomena across the full range of scientific scales, yet their computational solution remains one of the defining challenges of modern science. This critical review examines two mature…

Curriculum learning is a widely adopted training strategy in natural language processing (NLP), where models are exposed to examples organized by increasing difficulty to enhance learning efficiency and performance. However, most existing…

Recently, Deep Learning has been showing promising results in various Artificial Intelligence applications like image recognition, natural language processing, language modeling, neural machine translation, etc. Although, in general, it is…

Every teacher understands that different students benefit from different activities. Recent advances in data processing allow us to detect and use behavioral variability for adapting to a student. This approach allows us to optimize…

Deep learning (DL) models for natural language processing (NLP) tasks often handle private data, demanding protection against breaches and disclosures. Data protection laws, such as the European Union's General Data Protection Regulation…

Structural concept complexity, class overlap, and data scarcity are some of the most important factors influencing the performance of classifiers under class imbalance conditions. When these effects were uncovered in the early 2000s,…

Attempts to apply Neural Networks (NN) to a wide range of research problems have been ubiquitous and plentiful in recent literature. Particularly, the use of deep NNs for understanding complex physical and chemical phenomena has opened a…

Deep learning (DL) based language models achieve high performance on various benchmarks for Natural Language Inference (NLI). And at this time, symbolic approaches to NLI are receiving less attention. Both approaches (symbolic and DL) have…

In this paper, we discuss learning algorithms and their importance in different types of applications which includes training to identify important patterns and features in a straightforward, easy-to-understand manner. We will review the…

The field of Deep Learning (DL) has undergone explosive growth during the last decade, with a substantial impact on Natural Language Processing (NLP) as well. Yet, compared to more established disciplines, a lack of common experimental…

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a key technique for developing Medical Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems that leverage Electronic Health Record (EHR) data to build diagnostic and prognostic models. NLP enables the conversion of…

Despite extensive research spanning several decades, class imbalance is still considered a profound difficulty for both machine learning and deep learning models. While data oversampling is the foremost technique to address this issue,…

Machine learning has seen a vast increase of interest in recent years, along with an abundance of learning resources. While conventional lectures provide students with important information and knowledge, we also believe that additional…

Political science, and social science in general, have traditionally been using computational methods to study areas such as voting behavior, policy making, international conflict, and international development. More recently, increasingly…

Question Answering has recently received high attention from artificial intelligence communities due to the advancements in learning technologies. Early question answering models used rule-based approaches and moved to the statistical…

NLP is deeply intertwined with the formal study of language, both conceptually and historically. Arguably, this connection goes all the way back to Chomsky's Syntactic Structures in 1957. It also still holds true today, with a strand of…