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Pre-trained language models (PrLM) have to carefully manage input units when training on a very large text with a vocabulary consisting of millions of words. Previous works have shown that incorporating span-level information over…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-16 Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Current large language model (LLM) applications often employ multi-component prompts, comprising both system and user prompts, to guide model behaviors. While recent advancements have demonstrated the efficacy of automatically optimizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Xinyu Zhang , Yuanquan Hu , Fangchao Liu , Zhicheng Dou

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

While large language models (LLMs), such as GPT-3, appear to be robust and general, their reasoning ability is not at a level to compete with the best models trained for specific natural language reasoning problems. In this study, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-18 Zhun Yang , Adam Ishay , Joohyung Lee

Empathetic dialogue is an indispensable part of building harmonious social relationships and contributes to the development of a helpful AI. Previous approaches are mainly based on fine small-scale language models. With the advent of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Yushan Qian , Wei-Nan Zhang , Ting Liu

Large language models (LLMs) are now widely used across many fields, including marketing research. Sentiment analysis, in particular, helps firms understand consumer preferences. While most NLP studies classify sentiment from review text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Junichiro Niimi

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has transformed the financial industry, enabling advancements in areas such as textual analysis, risk management, and forecasting. Large language models (LLMs) like BloombergGPT and FinMA have set new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Jawad Ibn Ahad , Muhammad Rafsan Kabir , Robin Krambroeckers , Sifat Momen , Nabeel Mohammed , Shafin Rahman

Prompting a pretrained language model with natural language patterns has been proved effective for natural language understanding (NLU). However, our preliminary study reveals that manual discrete prompts often lead to unstable performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Xiao Liu , Yanan Zheng , Zhengxiao Du , Ming Ding , Yujie Qian , Zhilin Yang , Jie Tang

This study presents a comparative analysis of deep learning methodologies such as BERT, FinBERT and ULMFiT for sentiment analysis of earnings call transcripts. The objective is to investigate how Natural Language Processing (NLP) can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Umair Zakir , Evan Daykin , Amssatou Diagne , Jacob Faile

This paper proposes an effective emotional text-to-speech (TTS) system with a pre-trained language model (LM)-based emotion prediction method. Unlike conventional systems that require auxiliary inputs such as manually defined emotion…

Training deep neural networks from scratch on natural language processing (NLP) tasks requires significant amount of manually labeled text corpus and substantial time to converge, which usually cannot be satisfied by the customers. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-29 Yunzhe Tao , Saurabh Gupta , Satyapriya Krishna , Xiong Zhou , Orchid Majumder , Vineet Khare

Large language models (LLMs) offer unprecedented text completion capabilities. As general models, they can fulfill a wide range of roles, including those of more specialized models. We assess the performance of GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 in zero…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Paul F. Simmering , Paavo Huoviala

Large NLP models have recently shown impressive performance in language understanding tasks, typically evaluated by their fine-tuned performance. Alternatively, probing has received increasing attention as being a lightweight method for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Zining Zhu , Soroosh Shahtalebi , Frank Rudzicz

Artificial intelligence (AI) is widely deployed to solve problems related to marketing attribution and budget optimization. However, AI models can be quite complex, and it can be difficult to understand model workings and insights without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Yilin Gao , Sai Kumar Arava , Yancheng Li , James W. Snyder

Previous studies show effective of pre-trained language models for sentiment analysis. However, most of these studies ignore the importance of sentimental information for pre-trained models.Therefore, we fully investigate the sentimental…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-27 Yong Qian , Zhongqing Wang , Rong Xiao , Chen Chen , Haihong Tang

Understanding how visual content conveys sentiment is increasingly important in a digital landscape dominated by imagery. However, sentiment perception depends on complex scene-level semantics, making this a challenging task for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Neemias B. da Silva , John Harrison , Rodrigo Minetto , Myriam R. Delgado , Bogdan T. Nassu , Thiago H. Silva

While large language models (LLMs) often adopt finetuning to unlock their capabilities for downstream applications, our understanding on the inductive biases (especially the scaling properties) of different finetuning methods is still…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Biao Zhang , Zhongtao Liu , Colin Cherry , Orhan Firat

Natural Language Processing (NLP) has been revolutionized by the use of Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) such as BERT. Despite setting new records in nearly every NLP task, PLMs still face a number of challenges including poor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-29 Chaoqi Zhen , Yanlei Shang , Xiangyu Liu , Yifei Li , Yong Chen , Dell Zhang

The analysis of students' emotions and behaviors is crucial for enhancing learning outcomes and personalizing educational experiences. Traditional methods often rely on intrusive visual and physiological data collection, posing privacy…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-14 Kaito Tanaka , Benjamin Tan , Brian Wong

Prompt engineering, as an efficient and effective way to leverage Large Language Models (LLM), has drawn a lot of attention from the research community. The existing research primarily emphasizes the importance of adapting prompts to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Yuyan Chen , Zhihao Wen , Ge Fan , Zhengyu Chen , Wei Wu , Dayiheng Liu , Zhixu Li , Bang Liu , Yanghua Xiao