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The advent of quantum computers promises exponential speed ups in the execution of various computational tasks. While their capabilities are hindered by quantum decoherence, they can be exactly simulated on classical hardware at the cost of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-01 Maxime Oliva

Tensor network states are used to approximate ground states of local Hamiltonians on a lattice in D spatial dimensions. Different types of tensor network states can be seen to generate different geometries. Matrix product states (MPS) in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-03-02 G. Evenbly , G. Vidal

Tensor networks, which are originally developed for characterizing complex quantum many-body systems, have recently emerged as a powerful framework for capturing high-dimensional probability distributions with strong physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Haotong Duan , Zhongming Chen , Ngai Wong

Matrix product states (MPS) serve as a key tool for studying quantum systems from chemistry and condensed-matter physics, making their preparation on quantum computers an important task in interfacing classical and quantum simulation. Many…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Felix Rupprecht , Sabine Wölk

We present and test a protocol to learn the matrix-product operator (MPO) representation of an experimentally prepared quantum state. The protocol takes as an input classical shadows corresponding to local randomized measurements, and…

Tensor networks have a gauge degree of freedom on the virtual degrees of freedom that are contracted. A canonical form is a choice of fixing this degree of freedom. For matrix product states, choosing a canonical form is a powerful tool,…

Quantum state tomography (QST) is the gold standard technique for obtaining an estimate for the state of small quantum systems in the laboratory. Its application to systems with more than a few constituents (e.g. particles) soon becomes…

We propose an algorithm to convert a projected entangled pair state (PEPS) into a canonical form, analogous to the well-known canonical form of a matrix product state. Our approach is based on a variational gauging ansatz for the QR tensor…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-08-15 R. Haghshenas , Matthew J. O'Rourke , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Matrix product states (MPS) are a standard tensor-network representation for ground states of one-dimensional quantum many-body systems, and they underpin widely used simulation tools such as DMRG. However, while quantum model checking has…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-15 Ming Xu , Yihao Chen , Ji Guan

A generic method to investigate many-body continuous-variable systems is pedagogically presented. It is based on the notion of matrix product states (so-called MPS) and the algorithms thereof. The method is quite versatile and can be…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2013-05-29 S. Iblisdir , R. Orus , J. I. Latorre

Projected entangled-pair states (PEPS) constitute a powerful variational ansatz for capturing ground state physics of two-dimensional quantum systems. However, accurately computing and minimizing the energy expectation value remains…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-15 Wei Tang , Laurens Vanderstraeten , Jutho Haegeman

The projected entangled pair state (PEPS) representation of quantum states on two-dimensional lattices induces an entanglement based hierarchy in state space. We show that the lowest levels of this hierarchy exhibit an enormously rich…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 F. Verstraete , M. M. Wolf , D. Perez-Garcia , J. I. Cirac

A natural way to generalise tensor network variational classes to quantum field systems is via a continuous tensor contraction. This approach is first illustrated for the class of quantum field states known as continuous matrix-product…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-08-04 David Jennings , Christoph Brockt , Jutho Haegeman , Tobias J. Osborne , Frank Verstraete

In this paper, we introduce a class of highly entangled real quantum states that cannot be approximated by circuits with $\log$-many non-Clifford gates and prove that Bell sampling enables efficient cross-device verification (or distributed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-07 Janek Denzler , Santiago Varona , Tommaso Guaita , Jose Carrasco

Many-body ground state preparation is an important subroutine used in the simulation of physical systems. In this paper, we introduce a flexible and efficient framework for obtaining a state preparation circuit for a large class of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-05 Hyun-Soo Kim , Isaac H. Kim , Daniel Ranard

It is believed that most (perhaps all) gapped phases of matter can be described at long distances by Topological Quantum Field Theory (TQFT). On the other hand, it has been rigorously established that in 1+1d ground states of gapped…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2019-11-05 Anton Kapustin , Alex Turzillo , Minyoung You

Matrix product states (MPS) provide a powerful framework for characterizing one-dimensional symmetry-protected topological (SPT) phases of matter and for formulating Lieb-Schultz-Mattis (LSM)-type constraints. Here we generalize the MPS…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2026-03-20 Amogh Anakru , Sarvesh Srinivasan , Linhao Li , Zhen Bi

We present an approach to identify topological order based on unbiased infinite projected entangled-pair states (iPEPS) simulations, i.e. where we do not impose a virtual symmetry on the tensors during the optimization of the tensor network…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-04 S. P. G. Crone , P. Corboz

We give a classification of gapped quantum phases of one-dimensional systems in the framework of Matrix Product States (MPS) and their associated parent Hamiltonians, for systems with unique as well as degenerate ground states, and both in…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-11-03 Norbert Schuch , David Perez-Garcia , Ignacio Cirac

Matrix product states (MPS) have proven to be a very successful tool to study lattice systems with local degrees of freedom such as spins or bosons. Topologically ordered systems can support anyonic particles which are labeled by conserved…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2014-04-03 Sukhwinder Singh , Robert N. C. Pfeifer , Guifre Vidal , Gavin K. Brennen