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Biometric authentication prospered because of its convenient use and security. Early generations of biometric mechanisms suffer from spoofing attacks. Recently, unobservable physiological signals (e.g., Electroencephalogram,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-29 Lin Li , Chao Chen , Lei Pan , Leo Yu Zhang , Zhifeng Wang , Jun Zhang , Yang Xiang

The electrocardiogram (ECG) remains a fundamental tool in cardiac diagnostics, yet its interpretation traditionally reliant on the expertise of cardiologists. The emergence of deep learning has heralded a revolutionary era in medical data…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-09-13 Cheng Ding , Tianliang Yao , Chenwei Wu , Jianyuan Ni

Photoplethysmography (PPG) is a method of detecting variation in blood volume commonly through contact with the skin and involving the usage of one or multiple sensors. PPG is typically used in health-related fields and one of its most…

Medical Physics · Physics 2021-08-24 Jiesheng He , Wei Wu

High-frequency physiological waveform modality offers deep, real-time insights into patient status. Recently, physiological foundation models based on Photoplethysmography (PPG), such as PPG-GPT, have been shown to predict critical events,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Saurabh Kataria , Davood Fattahi , Minxiao Wang , Ran Xiao , Matthew Clark , Timothy Ruchti , Mark Mai , Xiao Hu

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) offers a state-of-the-art, non-contact methodology for estimating human pulse by analyzing facial videos. Despite its potential, rPPG methods can be susceptible to various artifacts, such as noise,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-01 Nhi Nguyen , Le Nguyen , Constantino Álvarez Casado , Olli Silvén , Miguel Bordallo López

Modern smartwatches often include photoplethysmographic (PPG) sensors to measure heartbeats or blood pressure through complex algorithms that fuse PPG data with other signals. In this work, we propose a collaborative inference approach that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-13 Alessio Burrello , Matteo Risso , Noemi Tomasello , Yukai Chen , Luca Benini , Enrico Macii , Massimo Poncino , Daniele Jahier Pagliari

Biometric authentication using physiological signals offers a promising path toward secure and user-friendly access control in wearable devices. While electrocardiogram (ECG) signals have shown high discriminability, their intrusive sensing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Wei Shao , Zequan Liang , Ruoyu Zhang , Ruijie Fang , Ning Miao , Ehsan Kourkchi , Setareh Rafatirad , Houman Homayoun , Chongzhou Fang

Reflective photoplethysmography (PPG) has become the default sensing technique in wearable devices to monitor cardiac activity via a person's heart rate (HR). However, PPG-based HR estimates can be substantially impacted by factors such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Manuel Meier , Berken Utku Demirel , Christian Holz

An electrocardiogram (ECG) is a time-series signal that is represented by one-dimensional (1-D) data. Higher dimensional representation contains more information that is accessible for feature extraction. Hidden variables such as frequency…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-04-12 K. S. Rajput , S. Wibowo , C. Hao , M. Majmudar

Heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV) are important vital signs for human physical and mental health. Recent research has demonstrated that photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors can infer HR and HRV. However, it is difficult to find…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-27 Jingye Xu , Yuntong Zhang , Wei Wang , Mimi Xie , Dakai Zhu

Remote camera measurement of the blood volume pulse via photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a compelling technology for scalable, low-cost, and accessible assessment of cardiovascular information. Neural networks currently provide the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-19 Björn Braun , Daniel McDuff , Christian Holz

With the ongoing heart problems of the population worldwide, the medical requirements of the people are expected to increase. Electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the proven to capture the heart response signal to assess the electrical and…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-08 Ayan Chatterjee , Sundar Gopalakrishnan , Martin Gerdes , Santiago Martinez , Nibedita Pahari , Pankaj Khatiwada

The ability to reliably estimate physiological signals from video is a powerful tool in low-cost, pre-clinical health monitoring. In this work we propose a new approach to remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) - the measurement of blood volume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-19 John Gideon , Simon Stent

Wearable devices enable theoretically continuous, longitudinal monitoring of physiological measurements like step count, energy expenditure, and heart rate. Although the classification of abnormal cardiac rhythms such as atrial fibrillation…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-28 Jessica Torres Soto , Euan Ashley

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is a non-contact technique for measuring cardiac signals from facial videos. High-quality rPPG pulse signals are urgently demanded in many fields, such as health monitoring and emotion recognition.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-05 Rencheng Song , Huan Chen , Juan Cheng , Chang Li , Yu Liu , Xun Chen

Cardiac motion estimation plays a key role in MRI cardiac feature tracking and function assessment such as myocardium strain. In this paper, we propose Motion Pyramid Networks, a novel deep learning-based approach for accurate and efficient…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-17 Hanchao Yu , Xiao Chen , Humphrey Shi , Terrence Chen , Thomas S. Huang , Shanhui Sun

Digital twins for 1D bio-signals enable real-time monitoring of physiological processes of a person, which enables early disease diagnosis and personalized treatment. This work introduces a novel non-contact method for digital twin (DT)…

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) is an innovative method for monitoring heart rate and vital signs by using a simple camera to record a person, as long as any part of their skin is visible. This low-cost, contactless approach helps in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Zahra Maleki , Amirhossein Akbari , Amirhossein Binesh , Babak Khalaj

In many pediatric fMRI studies, cardiac signals are often missing or of poor quality. A tool to extract Heart Rate Variation (HRV) waveforms directly from fMRI data, without the need for peripheral recording devices, would be highly…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-12 Abdoljalil Addeh , Karen Ardila , Rebecca J Williams , G. Bruce Pike , M. Ethan MacDonald

Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) can remotely extract physiological signals from RGB video, which has many advantages in detecting heart rate, such as low cost and no invasion to patients. The existing rPPG model is usually based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Taixi Chen , Yiu-ming Cheung