English
Related papers

Related papers: Spectral complexity of deep neural networks

200 papers

ReLU neural networks define piecewise linear functions of their inputs. However, initializing and training a neural network is very different from fitting a linear spline. In this paper, we expand empirically upon previous theoretical work…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-11-30 Kevin K. Chen , Anthony Gamst , Alden Walker

It is difficult to describe in mathematical terms what a neural network trained on data represents. On the other hand, there is a growing mathematical understanding of what neural networks are in principle capable of representing.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Daan Huybrechs

Assessing the complexity of functions computed by a neural network helps us understand how the network will learn and generalize. One natural measure of complexity is how the network distorts length - if the network takes a unit-length…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-24 Boris Hanin , Ryan Jeong , David Rolnick

It is fundamental to measure model complexity of deep neural networks. The existing literature on model complexity mainly focuses on neural networks with piecewise linear activation functions. Model complexity of neural networks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-17 Xia Hu , Weiqing Liu , Jiang Bian , Jian Pei

The success of deep learning in high-dimensional settings is often attributed to the presence of low-dimensional structure in real-world data. While standard theoretical models typically assume that this structure lies in the target…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Elisabetta Cornacchia , Laurent Massoulié

This paper presents a novel framework for understanding trained ReLU networks as random, affine functions, where the randomness is induced by the distribution over the inputs. By characterizing the probability distribution of the network's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-31 Shreyas Chaudhari , José M. F. Moura

The ability of deep neural networks to learn hierarchical features is widely regarded as a key mechanism underlying their success in high-dimensional learning. Existing theory partially supports this view by establishing approximation rates…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-26 Shuo Huang , Lorenzo Fiorito , Lorenzo Rosasco , Tomaso Poggio

We study the extent to which wide neural networks may be approximated by Gaussian processes when initialized with random weights. It is a well-established fact that as the width of a network goes to infinity, its law converges to that of a…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-02-18 Ronen Eldan , Dan Mikulincer , Tselil Schramm

We consider functions from the real numbers to the real numbers, output by a neural network with 1 hidden activation layer, arbitrary width, and ReLU activation function. We assume that the parameters of the neural network are chosen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-20 David Holmes

We consider the approximation rates of shallow neural networks with respect to the variation norm. Upper bounds on these rates have been established for sigmoidal and ReLU activation functions, but it has remained an important open problem…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-10 Jonathan W. Siegel , Jinchao Xu

Obtaining versions of deep neural networks that are both highly-accurate and highly-sparse is one of the main challenges in the area of model compression, and several high-performance pruning techniques have been investigated by the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Denis Kuznedelev , Eldar Kurtic , Eugenia Iofinova , Elias Frantar , Alexandra Peste , Dan Alistarh

We consider a Gaussian statistical model whose parameter space is given by the variances of random variables. Underlying this model we identify networks by interpreting random variables as sitting on vertices and their correlations as…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-06-17 Domenico Felice , Stefano Mancini , Marco Pettini

Although sparse neural networks have been studied extensively, the focus has been primarily on accuracy. In this work, we focus instead on network structure, and analyze three popular algorithms. We first measure performance when structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-02 Maxwell Van Gelder , Mitchell Wortsman , Kiana Ehsani

A recent line of work shows that a deep neural network with ReLU nonlinearities arises from a finite sequence of cascaded sparse coding models, the outputs of which, except for the last element in the cascade, are sparse and unobservable.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-04-27 Demba Ba

For any ReLU network there is a representation in which the sum of the absolute values of the weights into each node is exactly $1$, and the input layer variables are multiplied by a value $V$ coinciding with the total variation of the path…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-08 Andrew R. Barron , Jason M. Klusowski

In this work, we investigate a particular implicit bias in gradient descent training, which we term "Feature Averaging," and argue that it is one of the principal factors contributing to the non-robustness of deep neural networks. We show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Binghui Li , Zhixuan Pan , Kaifeng Lyu , Jian Li

Deep neural networks have become very popular in modeling complex nonlinear processes due to their extraordinary ability to fit arbitrary nonlinear functions from data with minimal expert intervention. However, they are almost always…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-01-16 Erlend Torje Berg Lundby , Adil Rasheed , Ivar Johan Halvorsen , Jan Tommy Gravdahl

The representations learned by deep neural networks are difficult to interpret in part due to their large parameter space and the complexities introduced by their multi-layer structure. We introduce a method for computing persistent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-31 Thomas Gebhart , Paul Schrater , Alan Hylton

We derive the spectral properties of adjacency matrix of complex networks and of their Laplacian by the replica method combined with a dynamical population algorithm. By assuming the order parameter to be a product of Gaussian…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2008-04-11 Ginestra Bianconi

Complex-valued neural networks (CVNNs) have been widely applied to various fields, especially signal processing and image recognition. However, few works focus on the generalization of CVNNs, albeit it is vital to ensure the performance of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Haowen Chen , Fengxiang He , Shiye Lei , Dacheng Tao