Related papers: Kolmogorov complexity as a combinatorial tool
In this paper we give a definition for the Kolmogorov complexity of a pure quantum state. In classical information theory the algorithmic complexity of a string is a measure of the information needed by a universal machine to reproduce the…
This paper is an extended abstract of the dissertation presented by the author for the doctoral degree in physics and mathematics (in Russia). The main characteristic studied in the dissertation is combinatorial complexity, which is a…
Combinatorial games lead to several interesting, clean problems in algorithms and complexity theory, many of which remain open. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the area to encourage further research. In particular, we…
In this note we demonstrate that a number of case-heavy combinatorial proofs in the mathematical phylogenetics literature can be proven more compactly using computational support. We use these techniques to also prove several new…
We present a generalization of the problem of pattern recognition to arbitrary probabilistic models. This version deals with the problem of recognizing an individual pattern among a family of different species or classes of objects which…
The famous G\"odel incompleteness theorem states that for every consistent sufficiently rich formal theory T there exist true statements that are unprovable in T. Such statements would be natural candidates for being added as axioms, but…
We present an efficient algorithm that, given a discrete random variable $X$ and a number $m$, computes a random variable whose support is of size at most $m$ and whose Kolmogorov distance from $X$ is minimal, also for the one-sided…
The minimal Kolmogorov complexity of a total computable function that exceeds everywhere all total computable functions of complexity at most $n$, is $2^{n+O(1)}$. If we replace "everywhere" by "for all sufficiently large inputs", the…
The even online Kolmogorov complexity of a string $x = x_1 x_2 \cdots x_{n}$ is the minimal length of a program that for all $i\le n/2$, on input $x_1x_3 \cdots x_{2i-1}$ outputs $x_{2i}$. The odd complexity is defined similarly. The sum of…
I discuss several aspects of information theory and its relationship to physics and neuroscience. The unifying thread of this somewhat chaotic essay is the concept of Kolmogorov or algorithmic complexity (Kolmogorov Complexity, for short).…
In [3] a short proof is given that some strings have maximal plain Kolmogorov complexity but not maximal prefix-free complexity. The proof uses Levin's symmetry of information, Levin's formula relating plain and prefix complexity and Gacs'…
Algorithmic statistics has two different (and almost orthogonal) motivations. From the philosophical point of view, it tries to formalize how the statistics works and why some statistical models are better than others. After this notion of…
We construct universal prediction systems in the spirit of Popper's falsifiability and Kolmogorov complexity and randomness. These prediction systems do not depend on any statistical assumptions (but under the IID assumption they dominate,…
The clustering objects has become one of themes in many studies, and do not few researchers use the similarity to cluster the instances automatically. However, few research consider using Kommogorov Complexity to get information about…
A real number is called left-computable if there exists a computable increasing sequence of rational numbers converging to it. In this article we investigate the Kolmogorov complexity and the binary expansions of a very specific subset of…
Link prediction in graphs is an important task in the fields of network science and machine learning. We investigate a flexible means of regularization for link prediction based on an approximation of the Kolmogorov complexity of graphs…
We study practical approximations to Kolmogorov prefix complexity (K) using IMP2, a high-level programming language. Our focus is on investigating the interpreter optimality for this language as the reference machine for the Coding Theorem…
Probabilistic puzzles can be confusing, partly because they are formulated in natural languages - full of unclarities and ambiguities - and partly because there is no widely accepted and intuitive formal language to express them. We propose…
Combinatorics, like computer science, often has to deal with large objects of unspecified (or unusable) structure. One powerful way to deal with such an arbitrary object is to decompose it into more usable components. In particular, it has…
We introduce a notion of Kolmogorov complexity of unitary transformation, which can (roughly) be understood as the least possible amount of information required to fully describe and reconstruct a given finite unitary transformation. In the…