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The energy spectrum of muons produced in air showers depends not only on the properties of the primary particle, but also on the atmosphere. This is because of the competition between decay and interaction of the parent mesons, which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-22 Stef Verpoest , Marisol Catalan Olais , Frank Schroeder

High-energy atmospheric muon neutrinos are detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory with a high rate of almost a hundred thousand events per year. Being mainly produced in meson decays in cosmic-ray-induced air showers in the upper…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-09 Shuyang Deng

Numerical weather prediction requires initial estimates of the atmospheric state. Since the atmospheric density field is intricately woven into the atmosphere's governing equations, advancing atmospheric density estimation will improve…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-08 William Luszczak , Man-Yau Chan

The flux of cosmic ray muons at the Earth's surface exhibits seasonal variations due to changes in the temperature of the atmosphere affecting the production and decay of mesons in the upper atmosphere. Using 1473 live days of data…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-01-09 The NOvA Collaboration

Cosmic rays are charged particles whose flux observed at Earth shows temporal variations related to space weather phenomena and may be an important tool to study them. The cosmic ray intensity recorded with ground-based detectors also shows…

Recently the atmospheric muon spectra at high energies were reconstructed for two ranges of zenith angles, basing on the events collected with the IceCube detector. These measurements reach high energies at which the contribution to…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-07-02 A. A. Kochanov , A. D. Morozova , T. S. Sinegovskaya , S. I. Sinegovsky

An observation of seasonal variations in underground muon rate, $R_{\mu}$, has been performed at Soudan, MN, by the MINOS Far Detector. The four percent fluctuation seen over three years was highly correlated to the temperature variations…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2019-08-13 E. W. Grashorn

The intensity of TeV atmospheric muons and neutrinos depends on the temperature in the stratosphere. We show that the energy-dependence in the 100 TeV range of the correlation with temperature is sensitive to the fraction of muons and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-21 Paolo Desiati , Thomas K. Gaisser

Cosmic-rays with energies up to $3\times10^{20}$ eV have been observed. The nuclear composition of these cosmic rays is unknown but if the incident nuclei are protons then the corresponding center of mass energy is $\sqrt{s_{nn}} = 700$…

Nuclear Experiment · Physics 2009-11-18 Spencer R. Klein

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory measures high energy atmospheric neutrinos with high statistics. These atmospheric neutrinos are produced in cosmic ray interactions in the atmosphere, mainly by the decay of pions and kaons. The rate of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-07-28 Karolin Hymon , Tim Ruhe

This paper is a mini-review of the atmospheric muon and neutrino flux calculations based upon a recent version of CORT code and up-to-date data on primary cosmic rays and hadronic interactions. A comparison of calculations with a…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2007-05-23 Vadim A. Naumov

Using two years of data from the NOvA Near Detector at Fermilab, we report a seasonal variation of cosmic ray induced multiple-muon event rates which has an opposite phase to the seasonal variation in the atmospheric temperature. The…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2023-02-18 M. A. Acero , P. Adamson , L. Aliaga , T. Alion , V. Allakhverdian , S. Altakarli , N. Anmov , A. Antoshkin , A. Aurisano , A. Back , C. Backhouse , M. Baird , N. Balashov , P. Baldi , B. A. Bambah , S. Bashar , K. Bays , S. Bending , R. Bernstein , V. Bhatnagar , B. Bhuyan , J. Bian , J. Blair , A. C. Booth , P. Bour , C. Bromberg , N. Buchanan , A. Butkevich , S. Calvez , M. Campbell , T. J. Carroll , E. Catano-Mur , A. Cedeno , S. Childress , B. C. Choudhary , B. Chowdhury , T. E. Coan , M. Colo , L. Corwin , L. Cremonesi , G. S. Davies , P. F. Derwent , P. Ding , Z. Djurcic , D. Doyle , E. C. Dukes , H. Duyang , S. Edayath , R. Ehrlich , G. J. Feldman , P. Filip , W. Flanagan , M. J. Frank , H. R. Gallagher , R. Gandrajula , F. Gao , S. Germani , A. Giri , R. A. Gomes , M. C. Goodman , V. Grichine , M. Groh , R. Group , B. Guo , A. Habig , F. Hakl , J. Hartnell , R. Hatcher , A. Hatzikoutelis , K. Heller , V Hewes , A. Himmel , A. Holin , B. Howard , J. Huang , J. Hylen , F. Jediny , C. Johnson , M. Judah , I. Kakorin , D. Kalra , D. M. Kaplan , R. Keloth , O. Klimov , L. W. Koerner , L. Kolupaeva , S. Kotelnikov , A. Kreymer , Ch. Kulenberg , A. Kumar , C. D. Kuruppu , V. Kus , T. Lackey , K. Lang , S. Lin , M. Lokajicek , J. Lozier , S. Luchuk , S. Magill , W. A. Mann , M. L. Marshak , V. Matveev , D. P. Mendez , M. D. Messier , H. Meyer , T. Miao , W. H. Miller , S. R. Mishra , A. Mislivec , R. Mohanta , A. Moren , L. Mualem , M. Muether , S. Mufson , K. Mulder , R. Murphy , J. Musser , D. Naples , N. Nayak , J. K. Nelson , R. Nichol , G. Nikseresht , E. Niner , A. Norman , T. Nosek , A. Olshevskiy , T. Olson , J. Paley , R. B. Patterson , G. Pawloski , O. Petrova , R. Petti , D. D. Phan , R. K. Plunkett , B. Potukuchi , C. Principato , F. Psihas , V. Raj , R. A. Rameika , B. Rebel , P. Rojas , V. Ryabov , O. Samoylov , M. C. Sanchez , P. Schreiner , I. S. Seong , P. Shanahan , A. Sheshukov , P. Singh , V. Singh , E. Smith , J. Smolik , P. Snopok , N. Solomey , E. Song , A. Sousa , K. Soustruznik , M. Strait , L. Suter , A. Sutton , R. L. Talaga , P. Tas , R. B. Thayyullathil , J. Thomas , E. Tiras , S. C. Tognini , D. Torbunov , J. Tripathi , A. Tsaris , Y. Torun , J. Urheim , P. Vahle , J. Vasel , L. Vinton , P. Vokac , T. Vrba , M. Wallbank , B. Wang , T. K. Warburton , M. Wetstein , M. While , D. Whittington , S. G. Wojcicki , J. Wolcott , N. Yadav , A. Yallappa Dombara , K. Yonehara , S. Yu , S. Zadorozhnyy , J. Zalesak , R. Zwaska

Tornadoes and other severe weather hazards affect thousands of people every year. Despite this, the details surrounding tornadic processes including formation, decay, and longevity are not well understood, partially due to limitations of…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2026-02-18 William Luszczak , Jana Houser , Matt Kauer , Leigh Orf

Experiments seeking to detect radio emission stemming from neutrino interactions will soon reach sensitivities that bring a detection within reach. Since experiments like RNO-G or the future IceCube-Gen2 target more than an order of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-11-17 Lilly Pyras , Christian Glaser , Steffen Hallmann , Anna Nelles

The IceCube detector allows for the first time a measurement of atmospheric muon and neutrino energy spectra from tens of GeV up to the PeV range. The lepton flux in the highest energy region depends on both the primary cosmic ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-13 P. Berghaus

The IceCube Neutrino Observatory, located at the geographic South Pole, uses the glacial ice volume to detect astrophysical neutrinos. Detection of the neutrinos from the northern sky provides the opportunity to use a large effective…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-11 Najia Moureen Binte Amin , David Seckel

This conference proceeding discusses new results arising from atmospheric neutrino detection in the Super-Kamiokande and IceCube experiments. Super-Kamiokande has measured atmospheric neutrinos in the energy range of 100 MeV-10 TeV and uses…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2016-05-03 E. O'Sullivan

High-energy muons from air shower events detected in IceCube are selected using state of the art machine learning algorithms. Attributes to distinguish a HE-muon event from the background of low-energy muon bundles are selected using the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-01-17 Tomasz Fuchs

Tidal frequencies are detected in time series muon flux measurements performed over a period of eight years. Meson production and subsequent decay produce the muons that are observed at ground level. We interpret the periodic behavior as a…