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The deployment and management of Blockchain applications require non-trivial efforts given the unique characteristics of their infrastructure (i.e., immutability) and the complexity of the software systems being executed. The operation of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-09-13 Luciano Baresi , Giovanni Quattrocchi , Damian Andrew Tamburri , Luca Terracciano

Blockchain technology promises a decentralized, trustless, and interoperable infrastructure. However, widespread adoption remains hindered by issues such as limited scalability, high transaction costs, and the complexity of maintaining…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Isaac Zhang , Kshitij Kulkarni , Tan Li , Daniel Wong , Thomas Kim , John Guibas , Uma Roy , Bryan Pellegrino , Ryan Zarick

Blockchain technology offers a promising foundation for modernizing E-Voting systems by enhancing transparency, decentralization, and security. Yet, real-world adoption remains limited due to persistent challenges such as scalability…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Kiana Kiashemshaki , Elvis Nnaemeka Chukwuani , Mohammad Jalili Torkamani , Negin Mahmoudi

Ethereum's scalability limitations pose significant challenges for the adoption of decentralized applications (dApps). Zero-Knowledge Rollups (ZK Rollups) present a promising solution, bundling transactions off-chain and submitting validity…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Krzysztof Gogol , Szczepan Gurgul , Faizan Nehal Siddiqui , David Branes , Claudio Tessone

This research critically analyses blockchain scaling solutions based on their ability to realistically balance the properties of the blockchain trilemma. We have concluded this research by outlining a gap in the current body of literature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Frazer Chard , Cayo Fletcher-Smith

Introducing Reliablocks, an on-chain reliability index for non-finalized blocks in Optimistic Rollups. This was built during the EigenLayer Infinite Hackathon at the Infinite Hacker House at DevCon 2024. As part of this research, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Souradeep Das , Ethan Lam , Varun Vaidya , Sanjay Amirthraj

The thesis addresses the problem of scalability in decentralized blockchains in the context of the trade-off between transaction throughput and hardware requirements to participate in the network. Rollups are presented, that is technologies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-01 Luca Donno

Solana has quickly emerged as a popular platform for building decentralized applications (DApps), such as marketplaces for non-fungible tokens (NFTs). A key reason for its success are Solana's low transaction fees and high performance,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Sven Smolka , Jens-Rene Giesen , Pascal Winkler , Oussama Draissi , Lucas Davi , Ghassan Karame , Klaus Pohl

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed code generation. However, most existing approaches focus on mainstream languages such as Python and Java, neglecting the Solidity language, the predominant programming language for Ethereum…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Zhiyuan Peng , Xin Yin , Rui Qian , Peiqin Lin , Yongkang Liu , Hao Zhang , Chenhao Ying , Yuan Luo

The Solana blockchain was created by Anatoly Yakovenko of Solana Labs and was introduced in 2017, employing a novel transaction verification method. However, at the same time, the innovation process introduced some new security issues. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Xiangfan Wu , Ju Xing , Xiaoqi Li

Scilla is a higher-order polymorphic typed intermediate level language for implementing smart contracts. In this talk, we describe a Scilla compiler targeting LLVM, with a focus on mapping Scilla types, values, and its functional language…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2020-08-14 Vaivaswatha Nagaraj , Jacob Johannsen , Anton Trunov , George Pîrlea , Amrit Kumar , Ilya Sergey

Rollup protocols have recently received significant attention as a promising class of Layer 2 (L2) scalability solutions. By utilizing the Layer 1 (L1) blockchain solely as a bulletin board for a summary of the executed transactions and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Dominik Apel , Zeta Avarikioti , Matteo Maffei , Yuheng Wang

The recent advancement of Blockchain technology consolidates its status as a viable alternative for various domains. However, evaluating the performance of blockchain applications can be challenging due to the underlying infrastructure's…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-09-21 Adel Albshri , Ali Alzubaidi , Ellis Solaiman

Modern blockchains face a scalability challenge due to the intrinsic throughput limitations of consensus protocols. Layer 2 optimistic rollups (L2) are a faster alternative that offer the same interface in terms of smart contract…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Margarita Capretto , Martín Ceresa , Antonio Fernández Anta , Pedro Moreno-Sánchez , César Sánchez

As the significance of blockchain innovation grows and the focus on scalability intensifies, rollup technology has emerged as a promising approach to tackle these scalability concerns. Nonetheless, rollups encounter restrictions when…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Hyun Jeong , Hyemin Lee

Solana gained considerable attention as one of the most popular blockchain platforms for deploying decentralized applications. Compared to Ethereum, however, we observe a lack of research on how Solana smart contract developers handle…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sébastien Andreina , Tobias Cloosters , Lucas Davi , Jens-Rene Giesen , Marco Gutfleisch , Ghassan Karame , Alena Naiakshina , Houda Naji

Over the past two decades, the cloud computing paradigm has gradually attracted more popularity due to its efficient resource usage and simple service access model. Virtualization technology is the fundamental element of cloud computing…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hossein Aqasizade , Ehsan Ataie , Mostafa Bastam

Rollups have emerged as a promising approach to improving blockchains' scalability by offloading transactions execution off-chain. Existing rollup solutions either leverage complex zero-knowledge proofs or optimistically assume execution…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Xiaoqing Wen , Quanbi Feng , Hanzheng Lyu , Jianyu Niu , Yinqian Zhang , Chen Feng

This paper reconstructs zero-knowledge extensions on Solana as an architecture theory. Drawing on the existing ecosystem and on the author's prior papers and implementations as reference material, we propose a two-axis model that normalizes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jotaro Yano

Solana has experienced rapid growth due to its high performance and low transaction costs, but the extremely low barrier to token issuance has also led to widespread Rug Pulls. Unlike Ethereum-based Rug Pulls that rely on malicious smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Jiaxin Chen , Ziwei Li , Zigui Jiang , Ruihong He , Yantong Zhou , Jiajing Wu , Zibin Zheng