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Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown remarkable success in supporting a wide range of knowledge-intensive tasks. In specialized domains, there is growing interest in leveraging LLMs to assist subject matter experts with domain-specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Aman Kumar , Ekant Muljibhai Amin , Xian Yeow Lee , Lasitha Vidyaratne , Ahmed K. Farahat , Dipanjan D. Ghosh , Yuta Koreeda , Chetan Gupta

Deep Metric Learning (DML) has long attracted the attention of the machine learning community as a key objective. Existing solutions concentrate on fine-tuning the pre-trained models on conventional image datasets. As a result of the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Li Ren , Chen Chen , Liqiang Wang , Kien Hua

Pretrained biomedical vision-language models (VLMs) such as BioMedCLIP perform well on average but often degrade on challenging modalities where inter-class margins are small and acquisition-specific variations are pronounced, especially…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mainak Singha , Tanisha Gupta , Ankit Jha , Muhammad Haris Khan , Sayantani Ghosh , Biplab Banerjee

Vision Transformers (ViT) and Visual Prompt Tuning (VPT) achieve state-of-the-art performance with improved efficiency in various computer vision tasks. This suggests a promising paradigm shift of adapting pre-trained ViT models to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Wenlong Deng , Christos Thrampoulidis , Xiaoxiao Li

Human beings can quickly adapt to environmental changes by leveraging learning experience. However, adapting deep neural networks to dynamic environments by machine learning algorithms remains a challenge. To better understand this issue,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Shixiang Tang , Peng Su , Dapeng Chen , Wanli Ouyang

Generalized Category Discovery (GCD) aims to categorize unlabelled instances from both known and unknown classes by transferring knowledge from labelled data of known classes. Existing methods assume all data comes from a single domain, yet…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hongjun Wang , Po Hu , Kai Han

Unsupervised Domain Adaptation transfers knowledge from a labeled source domain to an unlabeled target domain. Directly deploying Vision-Language Models (VLMs) with prompt tuning in downstream UDA tasks faces the signifi cant challenge of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Chao Li , Dasha Hu , Chengyang Li , Yuming Jiang , Yuncheng Shen

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated that large-scale pretraining enables systems to adapt rapidly to new problems with little supervision in the language domain. This success, however, has not translated as effectively to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Pablo Acuaviva , Aram Davtyan , Mariam Hassan , Sebastian Stapf , Ahmad Rahimi , Alexandre Alahi , Paolo Favaro

The adaptation of large-scale vision-language models (VLMs) to downstream tasks with limited labeled data remains a significant challenge. While parameter-efficient prompt learning methods offer a promising path, they often suffer from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Enming Zhang , Jiayang Li , Yanru Wu , Zhenyu Liu , Yang Li

Prompt engineering has emerged as an indispensable technique for extending the capabilities of large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs). This approach leverages task-specific instructions, known as prompts, to enhance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Pranab Sahoo , Ayush Kumar Singh , Sriparna Saha , Vinija Jain , Samrat Mondal , Aman Chadha

With the emergence of large language models (LLMs) and vision foundation models, how to combine the intelligence and capacity of these open-sourced or API-available models to achieve open-world visual perception remains an open question. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-15 Chris Kelly , Luhui Hu , Bang Yang , Yu Tian , Deshun Yang , Cindy Yang , Zaoshan Huang , Zihao Li , Jiayin Hu , Yuexian Zou

Recent advances in pre-training vision-language models (VLMs), e.g., contrastive language-image pre-training (CLIP) methods, have shown great potential in learning out-of-distribution (OOD) representations. Despite showing competitive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Min Zhang , Bo Jiang , Jie Zhou , Yimeng Liu , Xin Lin

Vision-Language Models (VLMs) show promise in medical image analysis, yet their capacity for structured reasoning in complex domains like dermatology is often limited by data scarcity and the high computational cost of advanced training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Ismam Nur Swapnil , Aranya Saha , Tanvir Ahmed Khan , Mohammad Ariful Haque

Recently, vision-language pretraining has emerged as a transformative technique that integrates the strengths of both visual and textual modalities, resulting in powerful vision-language models (VLMs). Leveraging web-scale pretraining data,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Xinyao Li , Jingjing Li , Fengling Li , Lei Zhu , Yang Yang , Heng Tao Shen

There is a growing interest in applying pre-trained large language models (LLMs) to planning problems. However, methods that use LLMs directly as planners are currently impractical due to several factors, including limited correctness of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Lin Guan , Karthik Valmeekam , Sarath Sreedharan , Subbarao Kambhampati

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Vision-language models (VLMs) can learn high-quality representations from a large-scale training dataset of image-text pairs. Prompt learning is a popular approach to fine-tuning VLM to adapt them to downstream tasks. Despite the satisfying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Zhifang Zhang , Yuwei Niu , Xin Liu , Beibei Li

Recent advances in multimodal learning has resulted in powerful vision-language models, whose representations are generalizable across a variety of downstream tasks. Recently, their generalization ability has been further extended by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Koustava Goswami , Srikrishna Karanam , Prateksha Udhayanan , K J Joseph , Balaji Vasan Srinivasan

To adapt effectively to dynamic real-world environments, intelligent systems must continually acquire new skills while generalizing them to diverse, unseen scenarios. Here, we introduce a novel and realistic setting named domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Hongwei Yan , Guanglong Sun , Zhiqi Kang , Yi Zhong , Liyuan Wang

Existing Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) excel at matching concepts across multi-modal inputs but struggle with compositional concepts and high-level relationships between entities. This paper introduces Progressive multi-granular…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-20 Quang-Hung Le , Long Hoang Dang , Ngan Le , Truyen Tran , Thao Minh Le