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In unsupervised combinatorial optimization (UCO), during training, one aims to have continuous decisions that are promising in a probabilistic sense for each training instance, which enables end-to-end training on initially discrete and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Fanchen Bu , Kijung Shin

Using machine learning to solve combinatorial optimization (CO) problems is challenging, especially when the data is unlabeled. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems. Our framework follows a standard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Haoyu Wang , Nan Wu , Hang Yang , Cong Hao , Pan Li

A general framework of unsupervised learning for combinatorial optimization (CO) is to train a neural network (NN) whose output gives a problem solution by directly optimizing the CO objective. Albeit with some advantages over traditional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-24 Haoyu Wang , Pan Li

Combinatorial optimization problems are notoriously challenging for neural networks, especially in the absence of labeled instances. This work proposes an unsupervised learning framework for CO problems on graphs that can provide integral…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-09 Nikolaos Karalias , Andreas Loukas

Neural Combinatorial Optimization approaches have recently leveraged the expressiveness and flexibility of deep neural networks to learn efficient heuristics for hard Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems. However, most of the current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Sahil Manchanda , Sofia Michel , Darko Drakulic , Jean-Marc Andreoli

Several recent unsupervised learning methods use probabilistic approaches to solve combinatorial optimization (CO) problems based on the assumption of statistically independent solution variables. We demonstrate that this assumption imposes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Sebastian Sanokowski , Wilhelm Berghammer , Sepp Hochreiter , Sebastian Lehner

The field of Contextual Optimization (CO) integrates machine learning and optimization to solve decision making problems under uncertainty. Recently, a risk sensitive variant of CO, known as Conditional Robust Optimization (CRO), combines…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abhilash Chenreddy , Erick Delage

In this paper, we study the conditional stochastic optimization (CSO) problem which covers a variety of applications including portfolio selection, reinforcement learning, robust learning, causal inference, etc. The sample-averaged gradient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lie He , Shiva Prasad Kasiviswanathan

Combinatorial optimization (CO) layers in machine learning (ML) pipelines are a powerful tool to tackle data-driven decision tasks, but they come with two main challenges. First, the solution of a CO problem often behaves as a piecewise…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-12-06 Guillaume Dalle , Léo Baty , Louis Bouvier , Axel Parmentier

Randomization is a fundamental tool used in many theoretical and practical areas of computer science. We study here the role of randomization in the area of submodular function maximization. In this area most algorithms are randomized, and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-08-11 Niv Buchbinder , Moran Feldman

Optimizing expensive black-box objectives over mixed search spaces is a common challenge across the natural sciences. Bayesian optimization (BO) offers sample-efficient strategies through probabilistic surrogate models and acquisition…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Yuhao Zhang , Ti John , Matthias Stosiek , Patrick Rinke

We study zeroth-order optimization where solutions must minimize a cost $d(s)$ while maintaining high probability under a complex generative prior $L(s)$ (e.g., a parameterized model). This reduces to sampling from a target distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Pranjal Awasthi , Sreenivas Gollapudi , Ravi Kumar , Kamesh Munagala

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) for Combinatorial Optimization (CO) is an emerging paradigm for solving combinatorial problems using neural networks. In this paper, we address a central challenge of SSL for CO: solving problems with discrete…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Nikolaos Karalias , Akbar Rafiey , Yifei Xu , Zhishang Luo , Behrooz Tahmasebi , Connie Jiang , Stefanie Jegelka

Combinatorial optimization (CO) is the fundamental problem at the intersection of computer science, applied mathematics, etc. The inherent hardness in CO problems brings up challenge for solving CO exactly, making deep-neural-network-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Runzhong Wang , Yang Li , Junchi Yan , Xiaokang Yang

Unsupervised learning (UL)-based solvers for combinatorial optimization (CO) train a neural network that generates a soft solution by directly optimizing the CO objective using a continuous relaxation strategy. These solvers offer several…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-11-01 Yuma Ichikawa

Combinatorial Optimization (CO) has been a long-standing challenging research topic featured by its NP-hard nature. Traditionally such problems are approximately solved with heuristic algorithms which are usually fast but may sacrifice the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Runzhong Wang , Zhigang Hua , Gan Liu , Jiayi Zhang , Junchi Yan , Feng Qi , Shuang Yang , Jun Zhou , Xiaokang Yang

Cardinality-constrained optimization (CCO) is a popular topic in sparse learning and signal recovery, yet remains challenging due to the inherent nonconvexity and discontinuity of cardinality constraints. This paper investigates the exact…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Lili Pan , Huilin Xie , Xianchao Xiu , Jiyuan Tao

Combinatorial optimization (CO) problems arise across a broad spectrum of domains, including medicine, logistics, and manufacturing. While exact solutions are often computationally infeasible, many practical applications require…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Arman Mielke , Uwe Bauknecht , Thilo Strauss , Mathias Niepert

Real-world decision-making systems are often subject to uncertainties that have to be resolved through observational data. Therefore, we are frequently confronted with combinatorial optimization problems of which the objective function is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Guangmo Tong

Real-world problems are becoming highly complex and, therefore, have to be solved with combinatorial optimisation (CO) techniques. Motivated by the strong increase of publications on CO, 8,393 articles from this research field are subjected…

General Economics · Economics 2026-04-17 Jann Michael Weinand , Kenneth Sörensen , Pablo San Segundo , Max Kleinebrahm , Russell McKenna
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