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Ising machines can solve combinatorial optimization problems by representing them as energy minimization problems. A common implementation is the probabilistic Ising machine (PIM), which uses probabilistic (p-) bits to represent coupled…

How to achieve an arbitrary real-valued probability amplitude in the general single-partite or multipartite quantum system without measuring any other quantum state's probability amplitude? How to achieve an arbitrary real-valued…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-09-01 Xu Guanlei

Probabilistic spin logic (PSL) is a recently proposed computing paradigm based on unstable stochastic units called probabilistic bits (p-bits) that can be correlated to form probabilistic circuits (p-circuits). These p-circuits can be used…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Ahmed Zeeshan Pervaiz , Brian M. Sutton , Lakshmi Anirudh Ghantasala , Kerem Y. Camsari

We explore the role of $\textit{collective measurements}$ on precision in estimation of a single parameter. Collective measurements are represented by observables which commute with all permutations of the probe particles. We show that with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-11-30 H. M. Bharath , Saikat Ghosh

The slowing down of Moore's Law has led to a crisis as the computing workloads of Artificial Intelligence (AI) algorithms continue skyrocketing. There is an urgent need for scalable and energy-efficient hardware catering to the unique…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Shuvro Chowdhury , Kerem Y. Camsari

Oscillator Ising Machines (OIMs) and probabilistic bit (p-bit)-based computing platforms have emerged as promising paradigms for tackling complex combinatorial optimization problems. Although traditionally viewed as distinct approaches,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-01-26 E. M. Hasantha Ekanayake , Nikhat Khan , Nikhil Shukla

In the post-Moore era, the need for efficient solutions to non-deterministic polynomial-time (NP) problems is becoming more pressing. In this context, the Ising model implemented by the probabilistic computing systems with probabilistic…

Applied Physics · Physics 2025-02-28 Chao Fang , Yihan He , Xiao Gong , Gengchiau Liang

Conformal prediction constructs a set of labels instead of a single point prediction, while providing a probabilistic coverage guarantee. Beyond the coverage guarantee, adaptiveness to example difficulty is an important property. It means…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Sooyong Jang , Insup Lee

Model quantization helps to reduce model size and latency of deep neural networks. Mixed precision quantization is favorable with customized hardwares supporting arithmetic operations at multiple bit-widths to achieve maximum efficiency. We…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-04 Linjie Yang , Qing Jin

This paper introduces a comprehensive framework for complex-valued probability measures and explores their novel applications in information theory and statistical analysis. We define a complex probability measure as a phase-modulated…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-16 Siang Cheng , Hejun Xu , Tianxiao Pang

We consider a hypothetical apparatus that implements measurements for arbitrary 4-local quantum observables A on n qubits. The apparatus implements the ``measurement algorithm'' after receiving a classical description of A. We show that a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pawel Wocjan , Dominik Janzing , Thomas Decker , Thomas Beth

We present a new method for describing quantum measurements in relativistic systems that applies (i) to any QFT and for any field-detector coupling, (ii) to the measurement of any observable, and (iii) to arbitrary size, shape and motion of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-08 Charis Anastopoulos , Ntina Savvidou

Quantum bits, or qubits, are the fundamental building blocks of present quantum computers. Hence, it is important to be able to characterize the state of a qubit as accurately as possible. By evaluating the qubit characterization problem…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-27 Bacui Li , Lorcan O. Conlon , Ping Koy Lam , Syed M. Assad

Computation in the past decades has been driven by deterministic computers based on classical deterministic bits. Recently, alternative computing paradigms and domain-based computing like quantum computing and probabilistic computing have…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Jan Kaiser , Risi Jaiswal , Behtash Behin-Aein , Supriyo Datta

In 1-bit compressive sensing, each measurement is quantized to a single bit, namely the sign of a linear function of an unknown vector, and the goal is to accurately recover the vector. While it is most popular to assume a standard Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-10 Zhaoqiang Liu , Subhroshekhar Ghosh , Jun Han , Jonathan Scarlett

Quantum sensing harnesses the unique properties of quantum systems to enable precision measurements of physical quantities such as time, magnetic and electric fields, acceleration, and gravitational gradients well beyond the limits of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-23 Ivana Nikoloska , Ruud Van Sloun , Osvaldo Simeone

Over the last two decades the cold-atom physics has matured from proof-of-principle demonstrations to a versatile platform for precision measurements and study of quantum phenomena. Ultra-cold atomic ensembles have been used both for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-06 Ioannis Drougkakis , Georgios Vasilakis , Wolf von Klitzing

Probabilistic programming languages (PPLs) are expressive means for creating and reasoning about probabilistic models. Unfortunately hybrid probabilistic programs, involving both continuous and discrete structures, are not well supported by…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Poorva Garg , Steven Holtzen , Guy Van den Broeck , Todd Millstein

Statistical matching methods are widely used in the social and health sciences to estimate causal effects using observational data. Often the objective is to find comparable groups with similar covariate distributions in a dataset, with the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-19 Felix Bestehorn , Maike Bestehorn , Christian Kirches

Narrow linewidth is a long-pursuing goal in precision measurement and sensing. We propose a parity-time (PT )-symmetric feedback method to narrow the linewidths of resonance systems. By using a quadrature measurement-feedback loop, we…

Optics · Physics 2023-05-18 Yuanjiang Tang , Chao Liang , Xin Wen , Weipeng Li , An-Ning Xu , Yong-Chun Liu