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The malicious applications of deep forgery, represented by face swapping, have introduced security threats such as misinformation dissemination and identity fraud. While some research has proposed the use of robust watermarking methods to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Caiyun Xie , Long Tang , Chuanxi Chen , Ziyi Liu , Jiacheng Deng

With the rise of 3D Gaussian Splatting (3DGS), a variety of digital watermarking techniques, embedding either 1D bitstreams or 2D images, are used for copyright protection. However, the robustness of these watermarking techniques against…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Qingyuan Zeng , Shu Jiang , Jiajing Lin , Zhenzhong Wang , Kay Chen Tan , Min Jiang

The proliferation of AI-generated content has facilitated sophisticated face manipulation, severely undermining visual integrity and posing unprecedented challenges to intellectual property. In response, a common proactive defense leverages…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haonan An , Xiaohui Ye , Guang Hua , Yihang Tao , Hangcheng Cao , Xiangyu Yu , Yuguang Fang

We propose a watermarking method for protecting the Intellectual Property (IP) of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs). The aim is to watermark the GAN model so that any image generated by the GAN contains an invisible watermark…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Jianwei Fei , Zhihua Xia , Benedetta Tondi , Mauro Barni

Deep neural networks (DNN) have achieved remarkable performance in various fields. However, training a DNN model from scratch requires a lot of computing resources and training data. It is difficult for most individual users to obtain such…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-07-05 Haoqi Wang , Mingfu Xue , Shichang Sun , Yushu Zhang , Jian Wang , Weiqiang Liu

The wide deployment of Face Recognition (FR) systems poses privacy risks. One countermeasure is adversarial attack, deceiving unauthorized malicious FR, but it also disrupts regular identity verification of trusted authorizers, exacerbating…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Yunming Zhang , Dengpan Ye , Caiyun Xie , Sipeng Shen , Ziyi Liu , Jiacheng Deng , Long Tang

Watermark has been widely deployed by industry to detect AI-generated images. The robustness of such watermark-based detector against evasion attacks in the white-box and black-box settings is well understood in the literature. However, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Yuepeng Hu , Zhengyuan Jiang , Moyang Guo , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Unauthorized screen-shooting poses a critical data leakage risk. Resisting screen-shooting attacks typically requires high-strength watermark embedding, inevitably degrading the cover image. To resolve the robustness-fidelity conflict,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-21 Yufeng Wu , Xin Liao , Baowei Wang , Han Fang , Xiaoshuai Wu , Guiling Wang

Generative models have enabled easy creation and generation of images of all kinds given a single prompt. However, this has also raised ethical concerns about what is an actual piece of content created by humans or cameras compared to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Aryaman Shaan , Garvit Banga , Raghav Mantri

Watermarking diffusion-generated images is crucial for copyright protection and user tracking. However, current diffusion watermarking methods face significant limitations: zero-bit watermarking systems lack the capacity for large-scale…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Jiazheng Xing , Hai Ci , Hongbin Xu , Hangjie Yuan , Yong Liu , Mike Zheng Shou

Watermarking has emerged as a promising solution to counter harmful or deceptive AI-generated content by embedding hidden identifiers that trace content origins. However, the robustness of current watermarking techniques is still largely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xiaodong Wu , Tianyi Tang , Xiangman Li , Jianbing Ni , Yong Yu

Backdoor attack aims to deceive a victim model when facing backdoor instances while maintaining its performance on benign data. Current methods use manual patterns or special perturbations as triggers, while they often overlook the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-05 Ruofei Wang , Renjie Wan , Zongyu Guo , Qing Guo , Rui Huang

Integrating watermarking into the generation process of latent diffusion models (LDMs) simplifies detection and attribution of generated content. Semantic watermarks, such as Tree-Rings and Gaussian Shading, represent a novel class of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Andreas Müller , Denis Lukovnikov , Jonas Thietke , Asja Fischer , Erwin Quiring

Visible watermark plays an important role in image copyright protection and the robustness of a visible watermark to an attack is shown to be essential. To evaluate and improve the effectiveness of watermark, watermark removal attracts…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-20 Xiang Li , Chan Lu , Danni Cheng , Wei-Hong Li , Mei Cao , Bo Liu , Jiechao Ma , Wei-Shi Zheng

Copyright protection for deep neural networks (DNNs) is an urgent need for AI corporations. To trace illegally distributed model copies, DNN watermarking is an emerging technique for embedding and verifying secret identity messages in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-20 Yifan Yan , Xudong Pan , Mi Zhang , Min Yang

Watermarking is a commonly used strategy to protect creators' rights to digital images, videos and audio. Recently, watermarking methods have been extended to deep learning models -- in principle, the watermark should be preserved when an…

With the increasing attention to deep neural network (DNN) models, attacks are also upcoming for such models. For example, an attacker may carefully construct images in specific ways (also referred to as adversarial examples) aiming to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Yuexin Xiang , Tiantian Li , Wei Ren , Tianqing Zhu , Kim-Kwang Raymond Choo

Current passive deepfake face-swapping detection methods encounter significance bottlenecks in model generalization capabilities. Meanwhile, proactive detection methods often use fixed watermarks which lack a close relationship with the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Shulin Lan , Kanlin Liu , Yazhou Zhao , Chen Yang , Yingchao Wang , Xingshan Yao , Liehuang Zhu

Optical character recognition (OCR) is widely applied in real applications serving as a key preprocessing tool. The adoption of deep neural network (DNN) in OCR results in the vulnerability against adversarial examples which are crafted to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Lu Chen , Wei Xu

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have achieved significant success in real-world applications. However, safeguarding their intellectual property (IP) remains extremely challenging. Existing DNN watermarking for IP protection often require…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuzhang Chen , Jiangnan Zhu , Yujie Gu , Minoru Kuribayashi , Kouichi Sakurai