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While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved notable progress in computational pathology (CPath), the gigapixel scale and spatial heterogeneity of Whole Slide Images (WSIs) continue to pose challenges for multimodal understanding.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Fengchun Liu , Songhan Jiang , Linghan Cai , Ziyue Wang , Yongbing Zhang

The rapid digitization of histopathology slides has opened up new possibilities for computational tools in clinical and research workflows. Among these, content-based slide retrieval stands out, enabling pathologists to identify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Hongyi Wang , Zhengjie Zhu , Jiabo Ma , Fang Wang , Yue Shi , Bo Luo , Jili Wang , Qiuyu Cai , Xiuming Zhang , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin , Hao Chen

The field of computational pathology has recently seen rapid advances driven by the development of modern vision foundation models (FMs), typically trained on vast collections of pathology images. Recent studies demonstrate that increasing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Mikhail Karasikov , Joost van Doorn , Nicolas Känzig , Melis Erdal Cesur , Hugo Mark Horlings , Robert Berke , Fei Tang , Sebastian Otálora

Computational pathology needs whole-slide image (WSI) foundation models that transfer across diverse clinical tasks, yet current approaches remain largely slide-centric, often depend on private data and expensive paired-report supervision,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Yousef Kotp , Vincent Quoc-Huy Trinh , Christopher Pal , Mahdi S. Hosseini

In recent years, a standard computational pathology workflow has emerged where whole slide images are cropped into tiles, these tiles are processed using a foundation model, and task-specific models are built using the resulting…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Eric Zimmermann , Julian Viret , Michal Zelechowski , James Brian Hall , Neil Tenenholtz , Adam Casson , George Shaikovski , Eugene Vorontsov , Siqi Liu , Kristen A Severson

Conventional histopathology has long been essential for disease diagnosis, relying on visual inspection of tissue sections. Immunohistochemistry aids in detecting specific biomarkers but is limited by its single-marker approach, restricting…

There exist numerous diagnostic tasks in pathology. Conventional computational pathology formulates and tackles them as independent and individual image classification problems, thereby resulting in computational inefficiency and high…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-15 Anh Tien Nguyen , Keunho Byeon , Kyungeun Kim , Boram Song , Seoung Wan Chae , Jin Tae Kwak

Driven by the recent advances in deep learning methods and, in particular, by the development of modern self-supervised learning algorithms, increased interest and efforts have been devoted to build foundation models (FMs) for medical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-24 kaiko. ai , Nanne Aben , Edwin D. de Jong , Ioannis Gatopoulos , Nicolas Känzig , Mikhail Karasikov , Axel Lagré , Roman Moser , Joost van Doorn , Fei Tang

Accurate classification of pediatric central nervous system tumors remains challenging due to histological complexity and limited training data. While pathology foundation models have advanced whole-slide image (WSI) analysis, they often…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jian Yu , Joakim Nguyen , Jinrui Fang , Awais Naeem , Zeyuan Cao , Sanjay Krishnan , Nicholas Konz , Tianlong Chen , Chandra Krishnan , Hairong Wang , Edward Castillo , Ying Ding , Ankita Shukla

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is an essential task in computational pathology. Despite the recent advances in multiple instance learning (MIL) for WSI classification, accurate classification of WSIs remains challenging due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-06 Saisai Ding , Jun Wang , Juncheng Li , Jun Shi

Foundation models have revolutionized the paradigm of digital pathology, as they leverage general-purpose features to emulate real-world pathological practices, enabling the quantitative analysis of critical histological patterns and the…

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as powerful pretrained encoders for computational pathology, but their robustness under clinically relevant distribution shifts remains insufficiently understood. We benchmark the robustness…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-29 Fredrik K. Gustafsson , Mattias Rantalainen

Diagnosing a whole-slide image is an interactive, multi-stage process of changing magnification and moving between fields. Although recent pathology foundation models demonstrated superior performances, practical agentic systems that decide…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Sheng Wang , Ruiming Wu , Charles Herndon , Yihang Liu , Shunsuke Koga , Jeanne Shen , Zhi Huang

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into pathology is advancing precision medicine by improving diagnosis, treatment planning, and patient outcomes. Digitised whole-slide images (WSIs) capture rich spatial and morphological…

The development of computational pathology lies in the consensus that pathological characteristics of tumors are significant guidance for cancer diagnostics. Most existing research focuses on the inner-contextual information within each WSI…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Jun Shi , Tong Shu , Zhiguo Jiang , Wei Wang , Haibo Wu , Yushan Zheng

Foundation models have revolutionized computational pathology by achieving remarkable success in high-level diagnostic tasks, yet the critical challenge of low-level image enhancement remains largely unaddressed. Real-world pathology images…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Ziyi Liu , Zhe Xu , Jiabo Ma , Wenqaing Li , Junlin Hou , Fuxiang Huang , Xi Wang , Ronald Cheong Kin Chan , Terence Tsz Wai Wong , Hao Chen

Pathology images are considered the ``gold standard" for cancer diagnosis and treatment, with gigapixel images providing extensive tissue and cellular information. Existing methods fail to simultaneously extract global structural and local…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Haoming Luo , Xiaotian Yu , Shengxuming Zhang , Jiabin Xia , Yang Jian , Yuning Sun , Liang Xue , Mingli Song , Jing Zhang , Xiuming Zhang , Zunlei Feng

Pathology foundation models (PFMs) have emerged as a core approach for learning transferable representations from whole slide images (WSIs), and they are typically benchmarked through downstream clinical endpoints. While such task level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Bokai Zhao , Yiyang Zhang , Yuanchi Zhu , Hanqing Chao , Long Bai , Tai Ma , Minfeng Xu , Ming Song , Tianzi Jiang

Whole-slide image analysis via the means of computational pathology often relies on processing tessellated gigapixel images with only slide-level labels available. Applying multiple instance learning-based methods or transformer models is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Joshua Butke , Noriaki Hashimoto , Ichiro Takeuchi , Hiroaki Miyoshi , Koichi Ohshima , Jun Sakuma

Whole slide imaging (WSI) has transformed digital pathology by enabling computational analysis of gigapixel histopathology images. Recent foundation model advances have accelerated progress in computational pathology, facilitating joint…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Peihang Wu , Zehong Chen , Lijian Xu