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We show how the angular clustering between gravitational-wave standard sirens and galaxies with known redshifts allows an inference of the Hubble constant, regardless of whether the host galaxies of any of these sirens are present in the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-10-19 Sayantani Bera , Divya Rana , Surhud More , Sukanta Bose

Gravitational lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) is a powerful probe of the matter distribution in the universe. Here we revisit the wave-optics effects induced by dark matter (DM) halos on the GW signals of merging massive black hole…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-23 Zucheng Gao , Xian Chen , Yi-Ming Hu , Jian-Dong Zhang , Shunjia Huang

The use of gravitational wave standard sirens for cosmological analyses is becoming well known, with particular interest in measuring the Hubble constant, $H_0$, and in shedding light on the current tension between early- and late-time…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-03-28 Rachel Gray , Chris Messenger , John Veitch

Gravitational-wave (GW) observations of binary black-hole (BBH) coalescences are expected to address outstanding questions in astrophysics, cosmology, and fundamental physics. Realizing the full discovery potential of upcoming…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-11-11 Arnab Dhani , Sebastian H. Völkel , Alessandra Buonanno , Hector Estelles , Jonathan Gair , Harald P. Pfeiffer , Lorenzo Pompili , Alexandre Toubiana

With the increase in the number of observed gravitational wave (GW) signals, detecting strongly lensed GWs by galaxies has become a real possibility. Lens galaxies also contain microlenses (e.g., stars and black holes), introducing further…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-10-05 Ashish Kumar Meena , Anuj Mishra , Anupreeta More , Sukanta Bose , Jasjeet Singh Bagla

The vast majority of gravitational-wave signals from stellar-mass compact binary mergers are too weak to be individually detected with present-day instruments and instead contribute to a faint, persistent background. This astrophysical…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-08-19 Arianna I. Renzini , Thomas A. Callister , Katerina Chatziioannou , Will M. Farr

We present a method to include lensing selection effects due to the finite horizon of a given detector when studying lensing of gravitational wave (GW) sources. When selection effects are included, the mean of the magnification distribution…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-05-21 Giulia Cusin , Nicola Tamanini

Since the first direct detection of gravitational waves by the LIGO--Virgo collaboration in 2015, the size of the gravitational-wave transient catalog has grown to nearly 100 events, with more than as many observed during the ongoing fourth…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-09-24 Colm Talbot , Amanda Farah , Shanika Galaudage , Jacob Golomb , Hui Tong

Binary systems with ultrashort-period planetary-mass companions are expected to radiate continuous gravitational waves (GWs). However, earlier studies found that the detectability of such systems by the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-08 Abdusattar Kurban , Xia Zhou , Na Wang , Yong-Feng Huang , Wenming Yan , Jianping Yuan , Ali Esamdin , Yu-Bin Wang , Zhigang Wen , Rai Yuen

The observed redshifts and magnitudes of the host galaxies of gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are compared with the predictions of three basic GRB models, in which the comoving rate density of GRBs is (1) proportional to the cosmic star formation…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-30 David W. Hogg , Andrew S. Fruchter

Since gravitational waves (GWs) propagate freely through a perfect fluid, coalescing compact binary systems as standard sirens allow to measure the luminosity distance directly and provide distance measurements unaffected by the cosmic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-12-23 Shuaibo Geng , Shuo Cao , Tonghua Liu , Marek Biesiada , Jingzhao Qi , Yuting Liu , Zong-Hong Zhu

Gravitational waves (GWs) offer a novel avenue for probing the Universe. One of their exciting applications is the independent measurement of the Hubble constant, $H_0$, using dark standard sirens, which combine GW signals with galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-25 Cezary Turski , Maria Lisa Brozzetti , Gergely Dálya , Michele Punturo , Archisman Ghosh

Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens are well-established probes with which one can measure cosmological parameters, and are complementary to other probes like the cosmic microwave background or supernovae standard candles. Here we focus…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-15 Konstantin Leyde , Simone Mastrogiovanni , Danièle A. Steer , Eric Chassande-Mottin , Christos Karathanasis

Gravitational waves (GWs) from coalescing binary black holes (BBHs) can come from different environments. GWs interact gravitationally with astrophysical objects, which makes it possible to use gravitational lensing by objects in the same…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-16 Helena Ubach , Mark Gieles , Jordi Miralda-Escudé

The first discovery of the gravitational wave (GW) event, GW150914, suggests a higher merger rate of black-hole (BH) binaries. If this is true, a number of BH binaries will be observed via the second-generation GW detectors, and the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-13 Toshiya Namikawa , Atsushi Nishizawa , Atsushi Taruya

One of the main problems of observational cosmology is to determine the range in which a reliable measurement of galaxy correlations is possible. This corresponds to determine the shape of the correlation function, its possible evolution…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-07-18 Francesco Sylos Labini , Daniil Tekhanovich , Yurij V. Baryshev

Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens have the potential to measure the Hubble constant $H_0$ in the local universe independently of the distance ladder, and thus offer unique new insights into the Hubble tension. A key challenge with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-24 Jiaming Pan , Dragan Huterer , Camille Avestruz , Damon H. T. Cheung , Emery Trott , Neal Dalal , Donghui Jeong

Modified gravitational wave (GW) propagation is a generic phenomenon in modified gravity. It affects the reconstruction of the redshift of coalescing binaries from the luminosity distance measured by GW detectors, and therefore the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-09-29 Andreas Finke , Stefano Foffa , Francesco Iacovelli , Michele Maggiore , Michele Mancarella

Recent observations support the hypothesis that a large fraction of "short-hard" gamma-ray bursts (SHBs) are associated with compact binary inspiral. Since gravitational-wave (GW) measurements of well-localized inspiraling binaries can…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2010-11-23 Samaya Nissanke , Daniel E. Holz , Scott A. Hughes , Neal Dalal , Jonathan L. Sievers

A small fraction of gravitational-wave (GW) signals from binary black holes (BBHs) will be gravitationally lensed by intervening galaxies and galaxy clusters. Strong lensing will produce multiple identical copies of the GW signal arriving…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-02-09 Koustav N. Maity , Souvik Jana , Tejaswi Venumadhav , Ankur Barsode , Parameswaran Ajith