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Quantifying the difference between probability distributions is crucial in machine learning. However, estimating statistical divergences from empirical samples is challenging due to unknown underlying distributions. This work proposes the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jhoan K. Hoyos-Osorio , Luis G. Sanchez-Giraldo

Building on the remarkable achievements in generative sampling of natural images, we propose an innovative challenge, potentially overly ambitious, which involves generating samples of entire multivariate time series that resemble images.…

The boom of DL technology leads to massive DL models built and shared, which facilitates the acquisition and reuse of DL models. For a given task, we encounter multiple DL models available with the same functionality, which are considered…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-10 Linghan Meng , Yanhui Li , Lin Chen , Zhi Wang , Di Wu , Yuming Zhou , Baowen Xu

Knowledge distillation (KD) has been widely adopted to compress large language models (LLMs). Existing KD methods investigate various divergence measures including the Kullback-Leibler (KL), reverse Kullback-Leibler (RKL), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-03 Xiao Cui , Yulei Qin , Yuting Gao , Enwei Zhang , Zihan Xu , Tong Wu , Ke Li , Xing Sun , Wengang Zhou , Houqiang Li

There is no consensus in the field of synthetic data on concise metrics for quality evaluations or benchmarks on large health datasets, such as historical epidemiological data. This study presents an evaluation of seven recent models from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Jean-Baptiste Escudié , Benjamin Barnes , Stefan Meisegeier , Klaus Kraywinkel , Fabian Prasser , Nils Körber

Synthetic data from generative models emerges as the privacy-preserving data sharing solution. Such a synthetic data set shall resemble the original data without revealing identifiable private information. Till date, the prior focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Chaoyi Zhu , Jiayi Tang , Juan F. Pérez , Marten van Dijk , Lydia Y. Chen

Recent research in tabular data synthesis has focused on single tables, whereas real-world applications often involve complex data with tens or hundreds of interconnected tables. Previous approaches to synthesizing multi-relational…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Wei Pang , Masoumeh Shafieinejad , Lucy Liu , Stephanie Hazlewood , Xi He

A common approach to synthetic data is to sample from a fitted model. We show that under general assumptions, this approach results in a sample with inefficient estimators and whose joint distribution is inconsistent with the true…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-02-18 Jordan Awan , Zhanrui Cai

Synthetic data generation has been widely adopted in software testing, data privacy, imbalanced learning, and artificial intelligence explanation. In all such contexts, it is crucial to generate plausible data samples. A common assumption…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Martina Cinquini , Fosca Giannotti , Riccardo Guidotti

Statistical divergence is widely applied in multimedia processing, basically due to regularity and interpretable features displayed in data. However, in a broader range of data realm, these advantages may no longer be feasible, and…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-11-20 Ruoyu Wang , Xiaobo Hu , Daniel Sun , Guoqiang Li , Raymond Wong , Shiping Chen , Jianquan Liu

Synthetic data has garnered attention as a Privacy Enhancing Technology (PET) in sectors such as healthcare and finance. When using synthetic data in practical applications, it is important to provide protection guarantees. In the…

Existing approaches for synthetic tabular data generation are based on either purely generative models or LLMs, both of which struggle with data heterogeneity, logical consistency, rare-event coverage, and robustness in low-data regimes. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Junfeng Nie , Alvin Jin , Xiaohui Chen

Access to large-scale high-quality healthcare databases is key to accelerate medical research and make insightful discoveries about diseases. However, access to such data is often limited by patient privacy concerns, data sharing…

Synthetic tabular data generation has emerged as a promising method to address limited data availability and privacy concerns. With the sharp increase in the performance of large language models in recent years, researchers have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Reilly Cannon , Nicolette M. Laird , Caesar Vazquez , Andy Lin , Amy Wagler , Tony Chiang

Synthetic tabular data is used for privacy-preserving data sharing and data-driven model development. Its effectiveness, however, depends heavily on the used Tabular Data Synthesis (TDS) tool. Recent studies have shown that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Maria F. Davila R , Azizjon Turaev , Wolfram Wingerath

While data sharing is crucial for knowledge development, privacy concerns and strict regulation (e.g., European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR)) unfortunately limits its full effectiveness. Synthetic tabular data emerges as an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-24 Aditya Kunar

Dataset distillation aims at synthesizing a dataset by a small number of artificially generated data items, which, when used as training data, reproduce or approximate a machine learning (ML) model as if it were trained on the entire…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Radu-Andrei Rosu , Mihaela-Elena Breaban , Henri Luchian

Realistic synthetic tabular data generation encounters significant challenges in preserving privacy, especially when dealing with sensitive information in domains like finance and healthcare. In this paper, we introduce \textit{Federated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-15 Timur Sattarov , Marco Schreyer , Damian Borth

This study tackles the efficient estimation of Kullback-Leibler (KL) Divergence in Dirichlet Mixture Models (DMM), crucial for clustering compositional data. Despite the significance of DMMs, obtaining an analytically tractable solution for…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-03-20 Samyajoy Pal , Christian Heumann

Diffusion models have emerged as a powerful paradigm for modern generative modeling, demonstrating strong potential for large language models (LLMs). Unlike conventional autoregressive (AR) models that generate tokens sequentially,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Gen Li , Changxiao Cai