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We investigate key aspects of coherent optical communications on inter-satellite links (ISLs) for the next-generation ultra-dense low-Earth orbit (LEO) constellations. Initially, the suitability of QPSK, 8-QAM, and 16-QAM modulation formats…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-06 I. P. Vieira , T. C. Pita , D. A. A. Mello

This research paper delves into interference mitigation within Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellite constellations, particularly when operating under constraints of limited radio environment information. Leveraging cognitive capabilities…

This paper presents a star-of-star topology for internet-of-things (IoT) networks using mega low-Earth-orbit constellations. The proposed topology enables IoT users to broadcast their sensed data to multiple satellites simultaneously over a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-06 Ayush Kumar Dwivedi , Sachin Chaudhari , Neeraj Varshney , Pramod K. Varshney

Dense constellations of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) small satellites are envisioned to make extensive use of the inter-satellite link (ISL). Within the same orbital plane, the inter-satellite distances are preserved and the links are rather…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Beatriz Soret , Israel Leyva-Mayorga , Petar Popovski

In practice, low Earth orbit (LEO) and medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite networks consist of multiple orbits which are populated with many satellites. A widely used spatial architecture for LEO or MEO satellites is the Walker…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Chang-Sik Choi , Francois Baccelli

The use of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites in the next generation (Next-G) communication systems has been gaining traction over the last few years due to their potential for providing global connectivity with low latency. Since they are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-03 Sambrama , Venkata Srirama Rohit Kantheti , Liang C Chu , Erik Blasch , Shih-Chun Lin

Large low-Earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks are being built to provide low-latency broadband Internet access to a global subscriber base. In addition to network transmissions, researchers have proposed embedding compute resources in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

The regenerative capabilities of next-generation satellite systems offer a novel approach to design low earth orbit (LEO) satellite communication systems, enabling full flexibility in bandwidth and spot beam management, power control, and…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Sovit Bhandari , Thang X. Vu , Symeon Chatzinotas

Large low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks such as SpaceX's Starlink constellation promise to deliver low-latency, high-bandwidth Internet access with global coverage. As an alternative to terrestrial fiber as a global Internet…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Tobias Pfandzelter , David Bermbach

LEO-to-GEO intersatellite links using laser communications bring important benefits to greatly enhance applications such as downloading big amounts of data from LEO satellites by using the GEO satellite as a relay. By using this strategy,…

With the reduction of satellite costs and the enhancement of processing capabilities, low earth orbit (LEO) satellite constellations can independently build inter-satellite networks without relying on traditional ground stations restricted…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-09-28 Xue Sun , Changhao Li , Lei Yan , Suzhi Cao

Low earth orbit (LEO) satellite plays an indispensable role in the earth network because of its low latency, large capacity, and seamless global coverage. For such an unprecedented extensive irregular system, stochastic geometry (SG) is a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Ruibo Wang , Mustafa A. Kishk , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

Large-scale low-Earth-orbit (LEO) constellations demand routing that simultaneously minimizes energy, guarantees delivery under congestion, and meets latency requirements for time-critical flows. We present a segment routing over IPv6…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Jintao Liang , Pablo G. Madoery , Chung-Horng Lung , Halim Yanikomeroglu , Gunes Karabulut Kurt

The design and launch of large-scale satellite networks create an imminent demand for efficient and delay-minimising routing methods. With the rising number of satellites in such constellations, pre-computing all shortest routes between all…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-23 Gregory Stock , Juan A. Fraire , Holger Hermanns

The structure and routing architecture design is critical for achieving low latency and high capacity in future LEO space networks (SNs). Existing studies mainly focus on topologies of space networks, but there is a lack of analysis on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Xiangtong Wang , Menglong Yang , Songchen Han , Wei Li

The rapid proliferation of satellite constellations, particularly in Low Earth Orbit (LEO), has fundamentally altered the global space infrastructure, shifting the risk landscape from purely kinetic collisions to complex cyber-physical…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Mark Ballard , Guanqun Song , Ting Zhu

Starlink constellations are currently the largest LEO WAN and have seen considerable interest from the research community. In this paper, we use high-frequency and high-fidelity measurements to uncover evidence of hierarchical traffic…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Hammas Bin Tanveer , Mike Puchol , Rachee Singh , Antonio Bianchi , Rishab Nithyanand

This work develops an analytical framework for downlink low Earth orbit (LEO) or medium Earth orbit (MEO) satellite communications, leveraging tools from stochastic geometry. We propose a tractable approach to the analysis of such satellite…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-14 Chang-Sik Choi , François Baccelli

The proliferation of low-earth-orbit (LEO) satellite networks leads to the generation of vast volumes of remote sensing data which is traditionally transferred to the ground server for centralized processing, raising privacy and bandwidth…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-03 Yuanming Shi , Li Zeng , Jingyang Zhu , Yong Zhou , Chunxiao Jiang , Khaled B. Letaief

One main goal of 5G-and-beyond systems is to simultaneously serve many users, each having a requested spectral efficiency (SE), in an energy-efficient way. The network capacity cannot always satisfy all the SE requirements, for example,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Trinh Van Chien , Emil Björnson , Hien Quoc Ngo