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Recent advancements in ultra-low-power machine learning (TinyML) hardware promises to unlock an entirely new class of smart applications. However, continued progress is limited by the lack of a widely accepted benchmark for these systems.…

The predominant paradigm for using machine learning models on a device is to train a model in the cloud and perform inference using the trained model on the device. However, with increasing number of smart devices and improved hardware,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-27 Sauptik Dhar , Junyao Guo , Jiayi Liu , Samarth Tripathi , Unmesh Kurup , Mohak Shah

The rise of IoT has increased the need for on-edge machine learning, with TinyML emerging as a promising solution for resource-constrained devices such as MCU. However, evaluating their performance remains challenging due to diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Pietro Bartoli , Christian Veronesi , Andrea Giudici , David Siorpaes , Diana Trojaniello , Franco Zappa

As technology advances, the use of Machine Learning (ML) in cybersecurity is becoming increasingly crucial to tackle the growing complexity of cyber threats. While traditional ML models can enhance cybersecurity, their high energy and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Fatemeh Dehrouyeh , Li Yang , Firouz Badrkhani Ajaei , Abdallah Shami

This paper proposes small and efficient machine learning models (TinyML) for resource-constrained edge devices, specifically for on-device indoor localisation. Typical approaches for indoor localisation rely on centralised remote processing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Thanaphon Suwannaphong , Ferdian Jovan , Ian Craddock , Ryan McConville

Miniaturized cyber-physical systems (CPSes) powered by tiny machine learning (TinyML), such as nano-drones, are becoming an increasingly attractive technology. Their small form factor (i.e., ~10cm diameter) ensures vast applicability,…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Elia Cereda , Alessandro Giusti , Daniele Palossi

Machine learning (ML), especially deep learning is made possible by the availability of big data, enormous compute power and, often overlooked, development tools or frameworks. As the algorithms become mature and efficient, more and more ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-21 Liangzhen Lai , Naveen Suda

Tiny Machine Learning enables real-time, energy-efficient data processing directly on microcontrollers, making it ideal for Internet of Things sensor networks. This paper presents a compact TinyML pipeline for detecting anomalies in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Amar Almaini , Jakob Folz , Ghadeer Ashour

Recent advances in state-of-the-art ultra-low power embedded devices for machine learning (ML) have permitted a new class of products whose key features enable ML capabilities on microcontrollers with less than 1 mW power consumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-03 Anas Osman , Usman Abid , Luca Gemma , Matteo Perotto , Davide Brunelli

Language models have gained significant interest due to their general-purpose capabilities, which appear to emerge as models are scaled to increasingly larger parameter sizes. However, these large models impose stringent requirements on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Savitha Viswanadh Kandala , Pramuka Medaranga , Ambuj Varshney

Tiny machine learning (TinyML) promises to revolutionize fields such as healthcare, environmental monitoring, and industrial maintenance by running machine learning models on low-power embedded systems. However, the complex optimizations…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Emil Njor , Colby Banbury , Xenofon Fafoutis

Semantic and goal-oriented (SGO) communication is an emerging technology that only transmits significant information for a given task. Semantic communication encounters many challenges, such as computational complexity at end users,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Eslam Eldeeb , Mohammad Shehab , Hirley Alves , Mohamed-Slim Alouini

The advancement of technology has revolutionized the agricultural industry, transitioning it from labor-intensive farming practices to automated, AI-powered management systems. In recent years, more intelligent livestock monitoring…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Qianxue Zhang , Eiman Kanjo

[Context] The increasing adoption of machine learning (ML) in software systems demands specialized ideation approaches that address ML-specific challenges, including data dependencies, technical feasibility, and alignment between business…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Silvio Alonso , Antonio Pedro Santos Alves , Lucas Romao , Hélio Lopes , Marcos Kalinowski

Human activity recognition (HAR) is a research field that employs Machine Learning (ML) techniques to identify user activities. Recent studies have prioritized the development of HAR solutions directly executed on wearable devices, enabling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Manuel Roveri

On-device learning enables edge devices to continually adapt the AI models to new data, which requires a small memory footprint to fit the tight memory constraint of edge devices. Existing work solves this problem by reducing the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Han Cai , Chuang Gan , Ligeng Zhu , Song Han

Tiny Machine Learning (TinyML) is an upsurging research field that proposes to democratize the use of Machine Learning and Deep Learning on highly energy-efficient frugal Microcontroller Units. Considering the general assumption that TinyML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Visal Rajapakse , Ishan Karunanayake , Nadeem Ahmed

Mining machinery operating in variable environments faces high wear and unpredictable stress, challenging Predictive Maintenance (PdM). This paper introduces the Edge Sensor Network for Predictive Maintenance (ESN-PdM), a hierarchical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Raúl de la Fuente , Luciano Radrigan , Anibal S Morales

The proliferation of smart and autonomous systems has motivated a shift toward executing intelligence directly on edge devices. This shift becomes particularly challenging for zero-energy devices (ZEDs), where severe constraints on memory,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-10 Shahab Jahanbazi , Mateen Ashraf , Lieven De Strycker , Jeroen Famaey , Onel L. A. Lopez

Multi-Instance Multi-Label learning (MIML) models complex objects (bags), each of which is associated with a set of interrelated labels and composed with a set of instances. Current MIML solutions still focus on a single-type of objects and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yuanlin Yang , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Lei Liu , Carlotta Domeniconi , Maozu Guo