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Concerted efforts are underway to establish an infrastructure for a global quantum internet to realise a spectrum of quantum technologies. This will enable more precise sensors, secure communications, and faster data processing. Quantum…

Global-scale quantum communication networks will require efficient long-distance distribution of quantum signals. Optical fibre communication channels have range constraints due to exponential losses in the absence of quantum memories and…

Quantum repeater holds the promise for scalable long-distance quantum communication. Towards a first quantum repeater based on memory-photon entanglement, significant progresses have made in improving performances of the building blocks.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-04-06 Sheng-Jun Yang , Xu-Jie Wang , Xiao-Hui Bao , Jian-Wei Pan

In this paper we present a novel analysis of the feasibility of quantum key distribution between a LEO satellite and a ground station. First of all, we study signal propagation through a turbulent atmosphere for uplinks and downlinks,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-13 Cristian Bonato , Andrea Tomaello , Vania Da Deppo , Giampiero Naletto , Paolo Villoresi

Quantum teleportation and quantum memory are two crucial elements for large-scale quantum networks. With the help of prior distributed entanglement as a "quantum channel", quantum teleportation provides an intriguing means to faithfully…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-04-25 Xiao-Hui Bao , Xiao-Fan Xu , Che-Ming Li , Zhen-Sheng Yuan , Chao-Yang Lu , Jian-Wei Pan

The ultra-secure quantum network leverages quantum cryptography to deliver unsurpassed data transfer security. In principle, the well-known quantum key distribution (QKD) achieves unconditional security, which raises concerns about the…

Quantum repeaters are indispensable tools for long-distance quantum communication. However, frequency matching between entangled photon sources and remote quantum memories (QMs) is difficult, which is an obstacle to the implementation of…

Heralded entanglement between distant quantum memories is the key resource for quantum networks. Based on quantum repeater protocols, these networks will facilitate efficient large-scale quantum communication and distributed quantum…

We show that quantum entanglement can be used as a substitute for communication when the goal is to compute a function whose input data is distributed among remote parties. Specifically, we show that, for a particular function among three…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 Richard Cleve , Harry Buhrman

The use of satellites to distribute entangled photon pairs (and single photons) provides a unique solution for long-distance quantum communication networks. This overcomes the principle limitations of Earth-bound technology, i.e. the narrow…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-11-17 Markus Aspelmeyer , Thomas Jennewein , Martin Pfennigbauer , Walter Leeb , Anton Zeilinger

The past decade has seen tremendous progress in experimentally realizing the building blocks of quantum repeaters. Repeater architectures with multiplexed quantum memories have been proposed to increase entanglement distribution rates, but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-10-26 Yuan Lee , Eric Bersin , Axel Dahlberg , Stephanie Wehner , Dirk Englund

The integration of quantum communication protocols over Ethernet networks is proposed, showing the potential of combining classical and quantum technologies for efficient, scalable quantum networking. By leveraging the inherent strengths of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-11-04 Kun Chen-Hu , Kristian S. Jensen , Petar Popovski

Transmitting unknown quantum states to distant locations is crucial for distributed quantum information protocols. The seminal quantum teleportation scheme achieves this feat while requiring prior maximal entanglement between the sender and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Arkaprabha Ghosal , Jatin Ghai , Tanmay Saha , Sibasish Ghosh , Mir Alimuddin

The development of a future, global quantum communication network (or quantum internet) will enable high rate private communication and entanglement distribution over very long distances. However, the large-scale performance of ground-based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-29 Cillian Harney , Stefano Pirandola

The maximum distance of quantum communication is limited due to the photon loss and detector noise. Exploiting entanglement swapping, quantum relay could offer ways to extend the achievable distance by increasing the signal to noise ratio.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 An-Ning Zhang , Yu-Ao Chen , Chao-Yang Lu , Xiao-Qi Zhou , Zhi Zhao , Qiang Zhang , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

Entangling quantum systems with different characteristics through the exchange of photons is a prerequisite for building future quantum networks. Proving the presence of entanglement between quantum memories for light working at different…

This paper studies cryptographic key exchange in satellite communications, which requires specific solutions because the satellite context presents unique challenges, particularly concerning onboard resource constraints and long…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Davide De Zuane , Marco Baldi , Paolo Santini , Grégoire Anchelergues , Daniele Romano , Alessandro Cammarano , Juan José Grosso

Secure communication is essential for modern society, from financial transactions to critical infrastructure. As classical encryption faces threats from advancing computational power, quantum communication provides a fundamentally secure…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Julien Chénedé , Tjorben Matthes , Josefine Krause , Asli Cakan , Tobias Vogl

Quantum repeaters have promised efficient scaling of quantum networks for over two decades. Despite numerous platforms proclaiming functional repeaters, the realization of large-scale networks remains elusive, indicating that the resources…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-27 Manik Dawar , Ralf Riedinger , Nilesh Vyas , Paulo Mendes

Quantum networks use principles of quantum physics to create secure communication networks. Moving these networks off the ground using drones, balloons, or satellites could help increase the scalability of these networks. This article…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-24 Nitin Jha , Abhishek Parakh