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Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is a variation on Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that arises by restricting the union ($+$) and iteration ($*$) operations from KAT to predicate-guarded versions. We develop the (co)algebraic theory…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Steffen Smolka , Nate Foster , Justin Hsu , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is a fragment of Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that was recently introduced to reason efficiently about imperative programs. In contrast to KAT, GKAT does not have an algebraic axiomatization, but…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-10-02 Tobias Kappé , Todd Schmid , Alexandra Silva

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is the fragment of Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) that arises by replacing the union and iteration operations of KAT with predicate-guarded variants. GKAT is more efficiently decidable than KAT and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Stefan Zetzsche , Alexandra Silva , Matteo Sammartino

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) is an efficient fragment of KAT, as it allows for almost linear decidability of equivalence. In this paper, we study the (co)algebraic properties of GKAT. Our initial focus is on the fragment that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Todd Schmid , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Alexandra Silva

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) was introduced as an algebraic structure to model and reason about classic imperative programs, i.e. sequences of discrete transitions guarded by Boolean tests. This paper introduces two generalisations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Leandro Gomes , Alexandre Madeira , Luís Soares Barbosa

We propose Weighted Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (wGKAT), an uninterpreted weighted programming language equipped with branching, conditionals, and loops. We provide an operational semantics for wGKAT using a variant of weighted…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-04-30 Spencer Van Koevering , Wojciech Różowski , Alexandra Silva

Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (GKAT) provides a sound and complete framework to reason about trace equivalence between simple imperative programs. However, there are still several notable limitations. First, GKAT is completely agnostic…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Cheng Zhang , Tobias Kappé , David E. Narváez , Nico Naus

In the literature on Kleene algebra, a number of variants have been proposed which impose additional structure specified by a theory, such as Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) and the recent Kleene algebra with observations (KAO), or make…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-08-07 Damien Pous , Jurriaan Rot , Jana Wagemaker

We introduce Probabilistic Guarded Kleene Algebra with Tests (ProbGKAT), an extension of GKAT that allows reasoning about uninterpreted imperative programs with probabilistic branching. We give its operational semantics in terms of special…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Wojciech Różowski , Tobias Kappé , Dexter Kozen , Todd Schmid , Alexandra Silva

Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT) provides an elegant algebraic framework for describing non-deterministic finite-state computations. Using a small finite set of non-deterministic programming constructs (sequencing, non-deterministic choice,…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Balder ten Cate , Tobias Kappé

Kleene algebras (KA) and Kleene algebras with tests (KAT) provide an algebraic framework to capture the behavior of conventional programming constructs. This paper explores a broader understanding of these structures, in order to enable the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Juliana Cunha , Alexandre Madeira , Luís S. Barbosa

We investigate the algebraic reasoning of quantum programs inspired by the success of classical program analysis based on Kleene algebra. One prominent example of such is the famous Kleene Algebra with Tests (KAT), which has furnished both…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Yuxiang Peng , Mingsheng Ying , Xiaodi Wu

Kleene algebras with tests (KATs) offer sound, complete, and decidable equational reasoning about regularly structured programs. Interest in KATs has increased greatly since NetKAT demonstrated how well extensions of KATs with…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Michael Greenberg , Ryan Beckett , Eric Campbell

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a foundational equational framework for reasoning about programs, which has found applications in program transformations, networking and compiler optimizations, among many other areas. In his seminal…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Cheng Zhang , Arthur Azevedo de Amorim , Marco Gaboardi

Weighted programs generalize probabilistic programs and offer a framework for specifying and encoding mathematical models by means of an algorithmic representation. Kleene algebra with tests is an algebraic formalism based on regular…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Igor Sedlár

Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is an algebraic framework for reasoning about the control flow of sequential programs. Generalising KAT to reason about concurrent programs is not straightforward, because axioms native to KAT in conjunction…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-02-03 Tobias Kappé , Paul Brunet , Jurriaan Rot , Alexandra Silva , Jana Wagemaker , Fabio Zanasi

We first propose algorithms for checking language equivalence of finite automata over a large alphabet. We use symbolic automata, where the transition function is compactly represented using a (multi-terminal) binary decision diagrams…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-07-14 Damien Pous

Kleene algebra (KA) is the algebra of regular events. Familiar examples of Kleene algebras include regular sets, relational algebras, and trace algebras. A Kleene algebra with tests (KAT) is a Kleene algebra with an embedded Boolean…

Logic · Mathematics 2008-01-16 James Worthington

Kleene algebra with tests, KAT, provides a simple two-sorted algebraic framework for verifying properties of propositional while programs. Kleene algebra with domain, KAD, is a one-sorted alternative to KAT. The equational theory of KAT…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-05-09 Igor Sedlár , Johann J. Wannenburg

Relational verification encompasses information flow security, regression verification, translation validation for compilers, and more. Effective alignment of the programs and computations to be related facilitates use of simpler relational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-03-27 Timos Antonopoulos , Eric Koskinen , Ton Chanh Le , Ramana Nagasamudram , David A. Naumann , Minh Ngo
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