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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently achieved impressive performance in math and reasoning benchmarks. However, they often struggle with logic problems and puzzles that are relatively easy for humans. To further investigate this, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Roei Herzig , Trevor Darrell , Rogerio Feris , Leonid Karlinsky

Embodied AI systems (e.g., autonomous vehicles, service robots, and LLM-driven interactive agents) are rapidly transitioning from controlled environments to safety critical real-world deployments. Unlike disembodied AI, failures in embodied…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Boyang Ma , Hechuan Guo , Peizhuo Lv , Minghui Xu , Xuelong Dai , YeChao Zhang , Yijun Yang , Yue Zhang

Recent reasoning large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable improvements in mathematical reasoning capabilities through long Chain-of-Thought. The reasoning tokens of these models enable self-correction within reasoning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Yu Cui , Bryan Hooi , Yujun Cai , Yiwei Wang

This paper presents a novel framework for enhancing reasoning capabilities in large language models (LLMs) by leveraging iterative reasoning and feedback-driven methodologies. Building on the limitations identified in the SimpleBench…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Soham Sane , Angus McLean

Large Language Models (LLMs) have gained enormous attention in recent years due to their capability of understanding and generating natural languages. With the rapid development and wild-range applications (e.g., Agents, Embodied…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Kun Zhang , Le Wu , Kui Yu , Guangyi Lv , Dacao Zhang

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) underscore the need for stronger reasoning capabilities to solve complex problems effectively. While Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning has been a step forward, it remains insufficient for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-14 Matan Vetzler , Koren Lazar , Guy Uziel , Eran Hirsch , Ateret Anaby-Tavor , Leshem Choshen

Since the advent of Large Language Models a few years ago, they have often been considered the de facto solution for many AI problems. However, in addition to the many deficiencies of LLMs that prevent them from broad industry adoption,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-02-14 Jennifer Chu-Carroll , Andrew Beck , Greg Burnham , David OS Melville , David Nachman , A. Erdem Özcan , David Ferrucci

Recent availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to the development of numerous LLM-based approaches aimed at providing natural language interfaces for various end-user tasks. These end-user tasks in turn can typically be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Sudhir Agarwal , Anu Sreepathy , David H. Alonso , Prarit Lamba

This paper investigates the utilization of Large Language Models (LLMs) for solving complex linguistic puzzles, a domain requiring advanced reasoning and adept translation capabilities akin to human cognitive processes. We explore specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zheng-Lin Lin , Yu-Fei Shih , Shu-Kai Hsieh

Benefiting from strong and efficient multi-modal alignment strategies, Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) are able to simulate human visual and reasoning capabilities, such as solving CAPTCHAs. However, existing benchmarks based on visual…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Jianyi Zhang , Ziyin Zhou , Xu Ji , Shizhao Liu , Zhangchi Zhao

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLMs) has markedly expanded their application across diverse domains, transforming how complex problems are approached and solved. Initially conceived to predict subsequent words in texts, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Sumedh Rasal , E. J. Hauer

Logical reasoning is fundamental for humans yet presents a substantial challenge in the domain of Artificial Intelligence. Initially, researchers used Knowledge Representation and Reasoning (KR) systems that did not scale and required…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Man Luo , Shrinidhi Kumbhar , Ming shen , Mihir Parmar , Neeraj Varshney , Pratyay Banerjee , Somak Aditya , Chitta Baral

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities, they often struggle with complex tasks that require specific thinking paradigms, such as divide-and-conquer and procedural deduction, \etc Previous…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Jia Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Jingjing Xu , Hao Zhu , Lecheng Wang , Jia Li , Yihong Dong , Jing Mai , Bin Gu , Zhi Jin

With the rise of advanced reasoning capabilities, large language models (LLMs) are receiving increasing attention. However, although reasoning improves LLMs' performance on downstream tasks, it also introduces new security risks, as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Man Hu , Xinyi Wu , Zuofeng Suo , Jinbo Feng , Linghui Meng , Yanhao Jia , Anh Tuan Luu , Shuai Zhao

CAPTCHAs are widely deployed as human verification mechanisms and frequently block intelligent agents from completing end-to-end automation in real-world web environments. Solving modern CAPTCHAs requires robust multi-step visual reasoning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Pengcheng Wang , Haoxiang Liu , Yang Dai , Xiangxiang Zeng , Guanhua Chen , Baotian Hu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo

Solving puzzles in natural language poses a long-standing challenge in AI. While large language models (LLMs) have recently shown impressive capabilities in a variety of tasks, they continue to struggle with complex puzzles that demand…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Naiqi Li , Peiyuan Liu , Zheng Liu , Tao Dai , Yong Jiang , Shu-Tao Xia

Are Large Language Models (LLMs) a new form of strategic intelligence, able to reason about goals in competitive settings? We present compelling supporting evidence. The Iterated Prisoner's Dilemma (IPD) has long served as a model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Kenneth Payne , Baptiste Alloui-Cros

Large Language Models (LLMs), despite their impressive capabilities across domains, have been shown to be vulnerable to backdoor attacks. Prior backdoor strategies predominantly operate at the token level, where an injected trigger causes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Vu Tuan Truong , Long Bao Le

With the increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs), parallel reasoning has emerged as a new inference paradigm that enhances reasoning robustness by concurrently exploring multiple lines of thought before converging on a final…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-15 Ziqi Wang , Boye Niu , Zipeng Gao , Zhi Zheng , Tong Xu , Linghui Meng , Zhongli Li , Jing Liu , Yilong Chen , Chen Zhu , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang , Enhong Chen

The rapid expansion of IoT deployments has intensified cybersecurity threats, notably Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, characterized by increasingly sophisticated patterns. Leveraging Generative AI through On-Device Large…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 William Pan , Guiran Liu , Binrong Zhu , Qun Wang , Yingzhou Lu , Beiyu Lin , Rose Qingyang Hu