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We present two new schemes for quantum key distribution (QKD) that neither require entanglement nor an ideal single-photon source, making them implementable with commercially available single-photon sources. These protocols are shown to be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-13 Arindam Dutta , Anirban Pathak

Classical-quantum coexistence enables cost-effective transmission of data and quantum signals over the same fiber-optic channel. Nevertheless, weak quantum-key distribution (QKD) signals are susceptible to non-linear interference generated…

Twin-field (TF) quantum key distribution (QKD) can overcome fundamental secret-key-rate bounds on point-to-point QKD links, allowing us to reach longer distances than ever before. Since its introduction, several TF-QKD variants have been…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-12-06 Guillermo Currás-Lorenzo , Lewis Wooltorton , Mohsen Razavi

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) leverages the principles of quantum mechanics to provide theoretically unconditional security for cryptographic key sharing. However, practical implementations remain vulnerable due to non-ideal devices and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Cong Jiang , Xiao-Long Hu , Zong-Wen Yu , Hai Xu , Xiang-Bin Wang

Quantum key distribution (QKD) utilizes the laws of quantum mechanics to achieve information-theoretically secure key generation. This field is now approaching the stage of commercialization, but many practical QKD systems still suffer from…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows secret key exchange between two users with unconditional security. For QKD to be widely deployed, low cost and compactness are crucial requirements alongside high performance. Currently, the majority of…

The security of quantum key distribution (QKD) relies on the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, with which legitimate users are able to estimate information leakage by monitoring the disturbance of the transmitted quantum signals. Normally,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-04-03 Zhen Zhang , Xiao Yuan , Zhu Cao , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum key distribution (QKD) refers to specific quantum strategies which permit the secure distribution of a secret key between two parties that wish to communicate secretly. Quantum cryptography has proven unconditionally secure in ideal…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-14 C. Rodó , O. Romero-Isart , K. Eckert , A. Sanpera

Stability and robustness are important criteria to evaluate the performance of a quantum-key-distribution (QKD) system in real-life applications. However, the inherent birefringence effect of the fiber channel and disturbance caused by the…

In this paper, we put forward a novel single-state three-party semiquantum key agreement (SQKA) protocol with three-particle GHZ entangled states first. Different with previous quantum key agreement (QKA) protocols, the proposed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 Tian-Jie Xu , Ying Chen , Mao-Jie Geng , Tian-Yu Ye

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TFQKD), using single-photon-type interference, offers a way to exceed the rate-distance limit without quantum repeaters. However, it still suffers from the photon losses and dark counts, which impose an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-11-09 Bing-Hong Li , Yuan-Mei Xie , Zhao Li , Chen-Xun Weng , Chen-Long Li , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen

We propose a semi-quantum conference key agreement (SQCKA) protocol that leverages on GHZ states. We provide a comprehensive security analysis for our protocol that does not rely on a trusted mediator party. We present information-theoretic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Rúben Barreiro , Walter O. Krawec , Paulo Mateus , Nikola Paunković , André Souto

Quantum key distribution (QKD) serves as a cornerstone of secure quantum communication, providing unconditional security grounded in quantum mechanics. While trusted-node networks have facilitated early QKD deployment, their vulnerability…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-10 Jingyang Liu , Xingyu Zhou , Huajian Ding , Jiaxin Xu , Chunhui Zhang , Jian Li , Qin Wang

High-dimensional quantum key distribution (QKD) allows to achieve information-theoretic secure communications, providing high key generation rates which cannot in principle be obtained by QKD protocols with binary encoding. Nonetheless, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 I. Vagniluca , B. Da Lio , D. Rusca , D. Cozzolino , Y. Ding , H. Zbinden , A. Zavatta , L. K. Oxenløwe , D. Bacco

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide information theoretically secure key exchange even in the era of quantum computer. However, QKD requires the classical channel to be authenticated, and the current method is pre-sharing symmetric…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two distant parties to share encryption keys with security based on physical laws. Experimentally, it has been implemented with optical means, achieving key rates of 1.26 Megabit/s over 50 kilometres…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-11-19 Marco Lucamarini , Zhiliang Yuan , James F. Dynes , Andrew J. Shields

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) has become an essential technology in the realm of secure communication, with applications ranging from secure data transmission to quantum networks. This paper presents a simple, compact, and cost-effective…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-10-01 Pedro Neto Mendes , Paulo André , Emmanuel Zambrini Cruzeiro

Twin-field quantum key distribution (TF-QKD) protocol and its variants, e.g. phase-matching (PM) QKD and TF-QKD based on sending or not sending, are highly attractive since they are able to overcome the well-known rate-loss limit for QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-25 Chaohan Cui , Zhen-Qiang Yin , Rong Wang , Feng-Yu Lu , Wei Chen , Shuang Wang , Guang-Can Guo , Zheng-Fu Han

To increase dramatically the distance and the secure key generation rate of quantum key distribution (QKD), the idea of quantum decoys--signals of different intensities--has recently been proposed. Here, we present the first experimental…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 Yi Zhao , Bing Qi , Xiongfeng Ma , Hoi-Kwong Lo , Li Qian

The ultimate aim of quantum key distribution (QKD) is improving the performance of transmission distance and key generation speed. Unfortunately, it is believed to be limited by the secret-key capacity of quantum channel without quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-22 Hua-Lei Yin , Yao Fu