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The technical debt (TD) metaphor is widely used to encapsulate numerous software quality problems. She describes the trade-off between the short term benefit of taking a shortcut during the design or implementation phase of a software…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Ronivon Dias , Pedro Neto , Irvayne Ibiapina , Guilherme Avelino e Otavio Castro

Context: Previous studies demonstrate that Machine or Deep Learning (ML/DL) models can detect Technical Debt from source code comments called Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD). Despite the importance of ML/DL in software development,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Emmanuel Iko-Ojo Simon , Chirath Hettiarachchi , Alex Potanin , Hanna Suominen , Fatemeh Fard

Logical vulnerabilities in software stem from flaws in program logic rather than memory safety, which can lead to critical security failures. Although existing automated program repair techniques primarily focus on repairing memory…

Context: Traditional software security analysis methods struggle to keep pace with the scale and complexity of modern codebases, requiring intelligent automation to detect, assess, and remediate vulnerabilities more efficiently and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Shaznin Sultana , Sadia Afreen , Nasir U. Eisty

Recent results of machine learning for automatic vulnerability detection (ML4VD) have been very promising. Given only the source code of a function $f$, ML4VD techniques can decide if $f$ contains a security flaw with up to 70% accuracy.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Niklas Risse , Marcel Böhme

Software vulnerabilities are a serious and crucial concern. Typically, in a program or function consisting of hundreds or thousands of source code statements, there are only a few statements causing the corresponding vulnerabilities. Most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Van Nguyen , Trung Le , Chakkrit Tantithamthavorn , Michael Fu , John Grundy , Hung Nguyen , Seyit Camtepe , Paul Quirk , Dinh Phung

Large language models (LLMs) are trained on web-scale corpora that exhibit steep power-law distributions, in which the distribution of knowledge is highly long-tailed, with most appearing infrequently. While scaling has improved…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah , Nehal Kathrotia

Extracting cybersecurity entities such as attackers and vulnerabilities from unstructured network texts is an important part of security analysis. However, the sparsity of intelligence data resulted from the higher frequency variations and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Peipei Liu , Hong Li , Zuoguang Wang , Jie Liu , Yimo Ren , Hongsong Zhu

Recent works have shown that powerful pre-trained language models (PLM) can be fooled by small perturbations or intentional attacks. To solve this issue, various data augmentation techniques are proposed to improve the robustness of PLMs.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Sirui Wang , Fuzheng Zhang , Wei Wu , Ji-Rong Wen

Software vulnerability detection (SVD) is a critical challenge in modern systems. Large language models (LLMs) offer natural-language explanations alongside predictions, but most work focuses on binary evaluation, and explanations often…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Samal Mukhtar , Yinghua Yao , Zhu Sun , Mustafa Mustafa , Yew Soon Ong , Youcheng Sun

Detecting vulnerabilities is vital for software security, yet deep learning-based vulnerability detectors (DLVD) face a data shortage, which limits their effectiveness. Data augmentation can potentially alleviate the data shortage, but…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Seyed Shayan Daneshvar , Yu Nong , Xu Yang , Shaowei Wang , Haipeng Cai

Software vulnerabilities pose significant risks to the security and integrity of software systems. Although prior studies have explored vulnerability detection using deep learning and pre-trained models, these approaches often fail to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Qiheng Mao , Zhenhao Li , Xing Hu , Kui Liu , Xin Xia , Jianling Sun

Software vulnerabilities bear enterprises significant costs. Despite extensive efforts in research and development of software vulnerability detection methods, uncaught vulnerabilities continue to put software owners and users at risk. Many…

Video Anomaly Detection (VAD) aims to localize abnormal events on the timeline of long-range surveillance videos. Anomaly-scoring-based methods have been prevailing for years but suffer from the high complexity of thresholding and low…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Hui Lv , Qianru Sun

The proliferation of software vulnerabilities poses a significant challenge for security databases and analysts tasked with their timely identification, classification, and remediation. With the National Vulnerability Database (NVD)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Daniel Alfasi , Tal Shapira , Anat Bremler Barr

Multi-task learning is a paradigm that leverages information from related tasks to improve the performance of machine learning. Self-Admitted Technical Debt (SATD) are comments in the code that indicate not-quite-right code introduced for…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Barbara Russo , Jorge Melegati , Moritz Mock

Context: Software Vulnerability Assessment (SVA) plays a vital role in evaluating and ranking vulnerabilities in software systems to ensure their security and reliability. Objective: Although Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Zhijie Chen , Xiang Chen , Ziming Li , Jiacheng Xue , Chaoyang Gao

Context: Technical debt (TD) refers to the additional costs incurred due to compromises in software quality, providing short-term advantages during development but potentially compromising long-term quality. Accurate TD forecasting and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Adekunle Ajibode , Yvon Apedo , Temitope Ajibode

As software becomes increasingly complex and prone to vulnerabilities, automated vulnerability detection is critically important, yet challenging. Given the significant successes of large language models (LLMs) in various tasks, there is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Zeyu Gao , Hao Wang , Yuchen Zhou , Wenyu Zhu , Chao Zhang

Long-tail class incremental learning (LT CIL) remains highly challenging because the scarcity of samples in tail classes not only hampers their learning but also exacerbates catastrophic forgetting under continuously evolving and imbalanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Xi Wang , Xu Yang , Donghao Sun , Cheng Deng