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Recent years have seen considerable advancements in multi-step reasoning with Large Language Models (LLMs). The previous studies have elucidated the merits of integrating feedback or search mechanisms during model inference to improve the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Qianli Ma , Haotian Zhou , Tingkai Liu , Jianbo Yuan , Pengfei Liu , Yang You , Hongxia Yang

Large language models (LLMs) can perform complex reasoning in few- and zero-shot settings by generating intermediate chain of thought (CoT) reasoning steps. Further, each reasoning step can rely on external tools to support computation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-17 Bhargavi Paranjape , Scott Lundberg , Sameer Singh , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Luke Zettlemoyer , Marco Tulio Ribeiro

Large language models (LLMs) excel at zero-shot inference but continue to struggle with complex, multi-step reasoning. Recent methods that augment LLMs with intermediate reasoning steps such as Chain of Thought (CoT) and Program of Thought…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Adam Stein , Neelay Velingker , Mayur Naik , Eric Wong

Multi-hop question answering requires models to gather information from different parts of a text to answer a question. Most current approaches learn to address this task in an end-to-end way with neural networks, without maintaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jifan Chen , Shih-ting Lin , Greg Durrett

The recent progress in large language models (LLMs), especially the invention of chain-of-thought prompting, has made it possible to automatically answer questions by stepwise reasoning. However, when faced with more complicated problems…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Ning Miao , Yee Whye Teh , Tom Rainforth

Due to their architecture and vast pre-training data, large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong text classification performance. However, LLM output - here, the category assigned to a text - depends heavily on the wording of the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kylie L. Anglin , Stephanie Milan , Brittney Hernandez , Claudia Ventura

This work describes the task of metaphoric paraphrase generation, in which we are given a literal sentence and are charged with generating a metaphoric paraphrase. We propose two different models for this task: a lexical replacement…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-03-02 Kevin Stowe , Leonardo Ribeiro , Iryna Gurevych

Response diversity has become an important criterion for evaluating the quality of open-domain dialogue generation models. However, current evaluation metrics for response diversity often fail to capture the semantic diversity of generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-25 Seungju Han , Beomsu Kim , Buru Chang

Human ratings are one of the most prevalent methods to evaluate the performance of natural language processing algorithms. Similarly, it is common to measure the quality of sentences generated by a natural language generation model using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Jakob Nyberg , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Maike Paetzel-Prüsmann

Storytelling plays a central role in human socializing and entertainment. However, much of the research on automatic storytelling generation assumes that stories will be generated by an agent without any human interaction. In this paper, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-23 Eric Nichols , Leo Gao , Randy Gomez

The field of Language Reasoning Models (LRMs) has been very active over the past few years with advances in training and inference techniques enabling LRMs to reason longer, and more accurately. However, a growing body of studies show that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Yannis Belkhiter , Seshu Tirupathi , Giulio Zizzo , John D. Kelleher

Educational crosswords offer numerous benefits for students, including increased engagement, improved understanding, critical thinking, and memory retention. Creating high-quality educational crosswords can be challenging, but recent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-28 Kamyar Zeinalipour , Tommaso laquinta , Asya Zanollo , Giovanni Angelini , Leonardo Rigutini , Marco Maggini , Marco Gori

Natural language generation from structured data mainly focuses on surface-level descriptions, suffering from uncontrollable content selection and low fidelity. Previous works leverage logical forms to facilitate logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-08 Shumin Deng , Jiacheng Yang , Hongbin Ye , Chuanqi Tan , Mosha Chen , Songfang Huang , Fei Huang , Huajun Chen , Ningyu Zhang

The reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) have improved substantially through increased test-time computation, typically in the form of intermediate tokens known as chain-of-thought (CoT). However, CoT often becomes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Nathanaël Carraz Rakotonirina , Ren Pang , Neha Anna John , Michael Bohlke-Schneider , Momchil Hardalov

Few-shot table-to-text generation is a task of composing fluent and faithful sentences to convey table content using limited data. Despite many efforts having been made towards generating impressive fluent sentences by fine-tuning powerful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Wenting Zhao , Ye Liu , Yao Wan , Philip S. Yu

To solve Math Word Problems, human students leverage diverse reasoning logic that reaches different possible equation solutions. However, the mainstream sequence-to-sequence approach of automatic solvers aims to decode a fixed solution…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Yibin Shen , Qianying Liu , Zhuoyuan Mao , Zhen Wan , Fei Cheng , Sadao Kurohashi

Logical reasoning is a crucial task for Large Language Models (LLMs), enabling them to tackle complex problems. Among reasoning tasks, multi-step reasoning poses a particular challenge. Grounded in the theory of formal logic, we have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Jialian Li , Yipin Zhang , Wei Shen , Yuzi Yan , Jian Xie , Dong Yan

Question Generation aims to automatically generate questions based on a given input provided as context. A controllable question generation scheme focuses on generating questions with specific attributes, allowing better control. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Bernardo Leite , Henrique Lopes Cardoso

Conditional natural language generation methods often require either expensive fine-tuning or training a large language model from scratch. Both are unlikely to lead to good results without a substantial amount of data and computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Yarik Menchaca Resendiz , Roman Klinger

Controlling the length of text produced by large language models (LLMs) remains challenging: models frequently overshoot or undershoot explicit length instructions because they cannot reliably keep an internal token count. We present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-20 Juncheng Xie , Hung-yi Lee