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This work reimplements a recent semantic bootstrapping child-language acquisition model, which was originally designed for English, and trains it to learn a new language: Hebrew. The model learns from pairs of utterances and logical forms…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Louis Mahon , Omri Abend , Uri Berger , Katherine Demuth , Mark Johnson , Mark Steedman

The conventional natural language processing approaches are not accustomed to the social media text due to colloquial discourse and non-homogeneous characteristics. Significantly, the language identification in a multilingual document is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-30 M Zeeshan Ansari , Tanvir Ahmad , M M Sufyan Beg , Asma Ikram

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) are integral to many modern natural language processing (NLP) systems. Although multilingual models cover a wide range of languages, they often grapple with challenges like high inference costs and a lack…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Murtadha Ahmed , Saghir Alfasly , Bo Wen , Jamaal Qasem , Mohammed Ahmed , Yunfeng Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) play a crucial role in capturing structured semantics to enhance language understanding, improve interpretability, and reduce bias. Nevertheless, an ongoing controversy exists over the extent to which LLMs can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-13 Ning Cheng , Zhaohui Yan , Ziming Wang , Zhijie Li , Jiaming Yu , Zilong Zheng , Kewei Tu , Jinan Xu , Wenjuan Han

Word embeddings provide an unsupervised way to understand differences in word usage between discursive communities. A number of recent papers have focused on identifying words that are used differently by two or more communities. But word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Thyge Enggaard , August Lohse , Morten Axel Pedersen , Sune Lehmann

Embeddings have become a pivotal means to represent complex, multi-faceted information about entities, concepts, and relationships in a condensed and useful format. Nevertheless, they often preclude direct interpretation. While downstream…

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are foundational tools for modeling sequential data with latent Markovian structure, yet fitting them to real-world data remains computationally challenging. In this work, we show that pre-trained large language…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Yijia Dai , Zhaolin Gao , Yahya Sattar , Sarah Dean , Jennifer J. Sun

Since Pretrained Language Models (PLMs) are the cornerstone of the most recent Information Retrieval (IR) models, the way they encode semantic knowledge is particularly important. However, little attention has been given to studying the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-18 Jesús Lovón-Melgarejo , Jose G. Moreno , Romaric Besançon , Olivier Ferret , Lynda Tamine

Text embeddings from Large Language Models (LLMs) have become foundational for numerous applications. However, these models typically operate on raw text, overlooking the rich structural information, such as hyperlinks or citations, that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shikun Liu , Haoyu Wang , Mufei Li , Pan Li

Understanding the latent space geometry of large language models (LLMs) is key to interpreting their behavior and improving alignment. Yet it remains unclear to what extent LLMs linearly organize representations related to semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Baturay Saglam , Paul Kassianik , Blaine Nelson , Sajana Weerawardhena , Yaron Singer , Amin Karbasi

We present a family of neural-network--inspired models for computing continuous word representations, specifically designed to exploit both monolingual and multilingual text. This framework allows us to perform unsupervised training of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-15 Radu Soricut , Nan Ding

The field of learning analytics has made notable strides in automating the detection of complex learning processes in multimodal data. However, most advancements have focused on individualized problem-solving instead of collaborative,…

In multi-label emotion classification, particularly for low-resource languages like Arabic, the challenges of class imbalance and label correlation hinder model performance, especially in accurately predicting minority emotions. To address…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Muhammad Azeem Aslam , Wang Jun , Nisar Ahmed , Muhammad Imran Zaman , Li Yanan , Hu Hongfei , Wang Shiyu , Xin Liu

Contextual word representations derived from pre-trained bidirectional language models (biLMs) have recently been shown to provide significant improvements to the state of the art for a wide range of NLP tasks. However, many questions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-10-01 Matthew E. Peters , Mark Neumann , Luke Zettlemoyer , Wen-tau Yih

Estimating causal treatment effects in observational settings is frequently compromised by selection bias arising from unobserved confounders. While traditional econometric methods struggle when these confounders are orthogonal to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Ahmed Dawoud , Osama El-Shamy

Word sense disambiguation helps identifying the proper sense of ambiguous words in text. With large terminologies such as the UMLS Metathesaurus ambiguities appear and highly effective disambiguation methods are required. Supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-12-20 Antonio Jimeno Yepes

Graph-structured information offers rich contextual information that can enhance language models by providing structured relationships and hierarchies, leading to more expressive embeddings for various applications such as retrieval,…

Existing work on probing of pretrained language models (LMs) has predominantly focused on sentence-level syntactic tasks. In this paper, we introduce document-level discourse probing to evaluate the ability of pretrained LMs to capture…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Fajri Koto , Jey Han Lau , Timothy Baldwin

Representation learning is a key element of state-of-the-art deep learning approaches. It enables to transform raw data into structured vector space embeddings. Such embeddings are able to capture the distributional semantics of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Achim Rettinger , Viktoria Bogdanova , Philipp Niemann

Word embeddings such as ELMo have recently been shown to model word semantics with greater efficacy through contextualized learning on large-scale language corpora, resulting in significant improvement in state of the art across many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Shao-Yen Tseng , Panayiotis Georgiou , Shrikanth Narayanan