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Long context understanding remains challenging for large language models due to their limited context windows. This paper introduces Long Input Fine-Tuning (LIFT), a novel framework for long-context modeling that can enhance the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Yansheng Mao , Yufei Xu , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Haotong Yang , Zilong Zheng , Xiyuan Wang , Muhan Zhang

Ontonotes has served as the most important benchmark for coreference resolution. However, for ease of annotation, several long documents in Ontonotes were split into smaller parts. In this work, we build a corpus of coreference-annotated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Kumar Shridhar , Nicholas Monath , Raghuveer Thirukovalluru , Alessandro Stolfo , Manzil Zaheer , Andrew McCallum , Mrinmaya Sachan

Retrieval augmented generation (RAG) has been widely adopted to help Large Language Models (LLMs) to process tasks involving long documents. However, existing retrieval models are not designed for long document retrieval and fail to address…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-13 David Jiahao Fu , Lam Thanh Do , Jiayu Li , Kevin Chen-Chuan Chang

Effective training of today's large language models (LLMs) depends on large batches and long sequences for throughput and accuracy. To handle variable-length sequences on hardware accelerators, it is common practice to introduce padding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Mario Michael Krell , Matej Kosec , Sergio P. Perez , Andrew Fitzgibbon

In Machine Translation, Large Language Models (LLMs) have generally underperformed compared to conventional encoder-decoder systems and thus see limited adoption. However, LLMs excel at modeling contextual information, making them a natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ireh Kim , Tesia Sker , Chanwoo Kim

On a wide range of natural language processing and information retrieval tasks, transformer-based models, particularly pre-trained language models like BERT, have demonstrated tremendous effectiveness. Due to the quadratic complexity of the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Minghan Li , Diana Nicoleta Popa , Johan Chagnon , Yagmur Gizem Cinar , Eric Gaussier

We introduce a simple new approach to the problem of understanding documents where non-trivial layout influences the local semantics. To this end, we modify the Transformer encoder architecture in a way that allows it to use layout features…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Łukasz Garncarek , Rafał Powalski , Tomasz Stanisławek , Bartosz Topolski , Piotr Halama , Michał Turski , Filip Graliński

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success as general-purpose task solvers across various fields. However, their capabilities remain limited when addressing domain-specific problems, particularly in downstream NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Mohamed Bayan Kmainasi , Ali Ezzat Shahroor , Maram Hasanain , Sahinur Rahman Laskar , Naeemul Hassan , Firoj Alam

The evolution of Neural Machine Translation (NMT) has been significantly influenced by six core challenges (Koehn and Knowles, 2017), which have acted as benchmarks for progress in this field. This study revisits these challenges, offering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-16 Jianhui Pang , Fanghua Ye , Longyue Wang , Dian Yu , Derek F. Wong , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

Structured document understanding has attracted considerable attention and made significant progress recently, owing to its crucial role in intelligent document processing. However, most existing related models can only deal with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-01 Jiapeng Wang , Lianwen Jin , Kai Ding

Two step document ranking, where the initial retrieval is done by a classical information retrieval method, followed by neural re-ranking model, is the new standard. The best performance is achieved by using transformer-based models as…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Ivan Sekulić , Amir Soleimani , Mohammad Aliannejadi , Fabio Crestani

Transformer-based large language models (LLM) have been widely used in language processing applications. However, due to the memory constraints of the devices, most of them restrict the context window. Even though recurrent models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Zifan He , Yingqi Cao , Zongyue Qin , Neha Prakriya , Yizhou Sun , Jason Cong

Large language models with long context windows can answer complex questions directly from full-length academic, technical, and policy documents, but passing entire documents is often costly, slow, and can degrade answer quality while…

Large language models (LLMs), despite their impressive performance in various language tasks, are typically limited to processing texts within context-window size. This limitation has spurred significant research efforts to enhance LLMs'…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Jiaqi Li , Mengmeng Wang , Zilong Zheng , Muhan Zhang

We introduce LongDA, a data analysis benchmark for evaluating LLM-based agents under documentation-intensive analytical workflows. In contrast to existing benchmarks that assume well-specified schemas and inputs, LongDA targets real-world…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Yiyang Li , Zheyuan Zhang , Tianyi Ma , Zehong Wang , Keerthiram Murugesan , Chuxu Zhang , Yanfang Ye

In this paper, we introduce DOCmT5, a multilingual sequence-to-sequence language model pretrained with large scale parallel documents. While previous approaches have focused on leveraging sentence-level parallel data, we try to build a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-06 Chia-Hsuan Lee , Aditya Siddhant , Viresh Ratnakar , Melvin Johnson

The vision transformer splits each image into a sequence of tokens with fixed length and processes the tokens in the same way as words in natural language processing. More tokens normally lead to better performance but considerably…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Yichen Zhu , Yuqin Zhu , Jie Du , Yi Wang , Zhicai Ou , Feifei Feng , Jian Tang

Transformers are not suited for processing long documents, due to their quadratically increasing memory and time consumption. Simply truncating a long document or applying the sparse attention mechanism will incur the context fragmentation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Siyu Ding , Junyuan Shang , Shuohuan Wang , Yu Sun , Hao Tian , Hua Wu , Haifeng Wang

Clinical texts, such as admission notes, discharge summaries, and progress notes, contain rich and valuable information that can be used for clinical decision making. However, a severe bottleneck in using transformer encoders for processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Mohammad Junayed Hasan , Suhra Noor , Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman Khan

Large language models (LLMs) face significant challenges in processing long contexts due to the linear growth of the key-value (KV) cache and quadratic complexity of self-attention. Existing approaches address these bottlenecks separately:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Zeng You , Yaofo Chen , Qiuwu Chen , Ying Sun , Shuhai Zhang , Yingjian Li , Yaowei Wang , Mingkui Tan