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Existing frameworks for LLM-based agent architectures describe systems from a single perspective: industry guides (Anthropic, Google, LangChain) focus on execution topology -- how data flows -- while cognitive science surveys focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jia Huang , Joey Tianyi Zhou

We describe a class of tasks called decision-oriented dialogues, in which AI assistants such as large language models (LMs) must collaborate with one or more humans via natural language to help them make complex decisions. We formalize…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jessy Lin , Nicholas Tomlin , Jacob Andreas , Jason Eisner

Agentic AI systems -- Large Language Models (LLMs) augmented with planning, tool use, memory, and long-horizon interactions -- can execute complex tasks autonomously, but their multi-step trajectories introduce new failure modes that…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinhu Qi , Muzhi Li , Jiahong Liu , Yuqin Shu , Dianzhi Yu , Shicheng Ma , Wenqian Cui , Yiyang Zhao , Yiyi Chen , Ruoxi Jiang , Irwin King , Zenglin Xu

As machine learning systems become more powerful they also become increasingly unpredictable and opaque. Yet, finding human-understandable explanations of how they work is essential for their safe deployment. This technical report…

AI is moving from domain-specific autonomy in closed, predictable settings to large-language-model-driven agents that plan and act in open, cross-organizational environments. As a result, the cybersecurity risk landscape is changing in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Alsharif Abuadbba , Nazatul Sultan , Surya Nepal , Sanjay Jha

Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), widely regarded as the fundamental goal of artificial intelligence, represents the realization of cognitive capabilities that enable the handling of general tasks with human-like proficiency.…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Bo Yu , Jiangning Wei , Minzhen Hu , Zejie Han , Tianjian Zou , Ye He , Jun Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) grow in capability, do they develop self-awareness as an emergent behavior? And if so, can we measure it? We introduce the AI Self-Awareness Index (AISAI), a game-theoretic framework for measuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Kyung-Hoon Kim

The rise of large language models (LLMs) has sparked a surge of interest in agents, leading to the rapid growth of agent frameworks. Agent frameworks are software toolkits and libraries that provide standardized components, abstractions,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Yanlin Wang , Xinyi Xu , Jiachi Chen , Tingting Bi , Wenchao Gu , Zibin Zheng

With recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), Agentic AI has become phenomenal in real-world applications, moving toward multiple LLM-based agents to perceive, learn, reason, and act collaboratively. These LLM-based Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Khanh-Tung Tran , Dung Dao , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Contemporary evaluation techniques are inadequate for agentic systems. These approaches either focus exclusively on final outcomes -- ignoring the step-by-step nature of agentic systems, or require excessive manual labour. To address this,…

As a capability coming from computation, how does AI differ fundamentally from the capabilities delivered by rule-based software program? The paper examines the behavior of artificial intelligence (AI) from engineering points of view to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Bifei Mao , Lanqing Hong

In the midst of the growing integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into various aspects of our lives, agents are experiencing a resurgence. These autonomous programs that act on behalf of humans are neither new nor exclusive to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Chirag Shah , Ryen W. White

The field of artificial intelligence (AI) agents is evolving rapidly, driven by the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) to autonomously perform and refine tasks with human-like efficiency and adaptability. In this context,…

Statistical Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-08-18 Tianjiao Zhao , Jingrao Lyu , Stokes Jones , Harrison Garber , Stefano Pasquali , Dhagash Mehta

As AI systems advance in capabilities, measuring their safety and alignment to human values is becoming paramount. A fast-growing field of AI research is devoted to developing such assessments. However, most current advances therein may be…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Max Hellrigel-Holderbaum , Edward James Young

This chapter examines the conceptual tensions in understanding artificial intelligence (AI) agents' role in creative processes, particularly focusing on Large Language Models (LLMs). Building upon Schmidt's 1954 categorization of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Yuqian Sun , Stefano Gualeni

As more and more AI agents are used in practice, it is time to think about how to make these agents fully autonomous so that they can (1) learn by themselves continually in a self-motivated and self-initiated manner rather than being…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-21 Bing Liu , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eric Robertson , Scott Grigsby

With the advancement of web techniques, they have significantly revolutionized various aspects of people's lives. Despite the importance of the web, many tasks performed on it are repetitive and time-consuming, negatively impacting overall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Liangbo Ning , Ziran Liang , Zhuohang Jiang , Haohao Qu , Yujuan Ding , Wenqi Fan , Xiao-yong Wei , Shanru Lin , Hui Liu , Philip S. Yu , Qing Li

High-level reasoning can be defined as the capability to generalize over knowledge acquired via experience, and to exhibit robust behavior in novel situations. Such form of reasoning is a basic skill in humans, who seamlessly use it in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Oltramari

This paper describes our research on AI agents embodied in visual, virtual or physical forms, enabling them to interact with both users and their environments. These agents, which include virtual avatars, wearable devices, and robots, are…

The concept of rationality is central to the field of artificial intelligence (AI). Whether we are seeking to simulate human reasoning, or trying to achieve bounded optimality, our goal is generally to make artificial agents as rational as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Olivia Macmillan-Scott , Mirco Musolesi