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Classical methods to simulate quantum systems are not only a key element of the physicist's toolkit for studying many-body models but are also increasingly important for verifying and challenging upcoming quantum computers. Pauli…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-29 Manuel S. Rudolph , Tyson Jones , Yanting Teng , Armando Angrisani , Zoë Holmes

A constant number of random Clifford measurements allows the classical shadow protocol to perform direct fidelity estimation (DFE) with high precision. However, estimating properties of an unknown quantum state is expected to be more…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-17 Hyunho Cha , Jungwoo Lee

Classical simulation of quantum computers is an irreplaceable step in the design of quantum algorithms. Exponential simulation costs demand the use of high-performance computing techniques, and in particular distribution, whereby the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-06 Tyson Jones , Bálint Koczor , Simon C. Benjamin

Continuous-variable quantum states are of particular importance in various quantum information processing tasks including quantum communication and quantum sensing. However, a bottleneck has emerged with the fast increasing in size of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-10-13 Ye-Chao Liu , Jiangwei Shang , Xiangdong Zhang

We describe an algorithm for using a quantum computer to calculate mean values of observables and the partition function of a quantum system. Our algorithm includes two sub-algorithms. The first sub-algorithm is for calculating, with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-11-10 Robert R. Tucci

Quantum magic is a necessary resource for quantum computers to be not efficiently simulable by classical computers. Previous results have linked the amount of quantum magic, characterized by the number of $T$ gates or stabilizer rank, to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Yifan Zhang , Yuxuan Zhang

We describe a simple method for certifying that an experimental device prepares a desired quantum state rho. Our method is applicable to any pure state rho, and it provides an estimate of the fidelity between rho and the actual (arbitrary)…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-06-09 Steven T. Flammia , Yi-Kai Liu

Quantum classification faces two key challenges. First, the difficulty of distinguishing between different classes varies: some class pairs are easy to separate, while others are more challenging. Second, practical execution is affected by…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Yuhang Tu , Shengmei Zhao , Le Wang , Anqi Zhang

Matrix product states (MPS) are a central language for one-dimensional quantum matter and a practical target for near-term quantum simulators and variational algorithms. Yet, while substantial effort has focused on preparing MPS with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-21 Hyunho Cha , Subin Kim , Jungwoo Lee

Characterising large-scale quantum systems is central to fundamental physics and essential for applications of quantum technologies. While a full characterisation requires exponentially increasing resources, focusing on application-relevant…

Quantum gate benchmarking is unavoidably influenced by state preparation and measurement errors. Randomized benchmarking addresses this challenge by employing group twirling to regularize the noise channel, then provides a characterization…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-02 Han Ye , Guoding Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Efficient verification of multipartite quantum states is crucial to many applications in quantum information processing. By virtue of Schmidt decomposition and mutually unbiased bases, here we propose a universal protocol to verify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yunting Li , Huangjun Zhu

We show that entangled measurements provide an exponential advantage in sample complexity for Pauli channel estimation, which is both a fundamental problem and a practically important subroutine for benchmarking near-term quantum devices.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-03-23 Senrui Chen , Sisi Zhou , Alireza Seif , Liang Jiang

Graph states are an important class of entangled states that serve as a key resource for distributed information processing and communication in quantum networks. In this work, we propose a protocol that utilizes a Bell sampling subroutine…

We present self-testing protocols to certify the presence of tensor products of Pauli measurements on maximally entangled states of local dimension $2^n$ for $n\in\mathbb{N}$. This provides self-tests of sets of informationally complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-12-04 Joseph Bowles , Ivan Šupić , Daniel Cavalcanti , Antonio Acín

In this this paper we present an inexpensive protocol to perform runtime and memory estimation for large-scale experiments with Pauli Path simulators (PPS). Additionally, we propose a conceptually simple solution for studying whether PPS…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Hrant Gharibyan , Siddharth Hariprakash , Mohammed Zuhair Mullath , Vincent P. Su

Detecting multipartite entanglement in many qubit systems is measurement-intensive, motivating protocols that estimate only selected observables with provable efficiency. In this work we use the classical shadow protocol to study the sample…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Ziran Zhang

Characterizing increasingly complex quantum systems is a central task in quantum information science, yet experimental costs often scale prohibitively with system size. Certifying key properties using simple local measurements is highly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Zhenyu Du , Jinchang Liu , Elias X. Huber , Zi-Wen Liu , Xiongfeng Ma

Quantum Machine Learning models typically require expensive on-chip training procedures and often lack efficient gradient estimation methods. By employing Pauli propagation, it is possible to derive a symbolic representation of observables…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Saverio Monaco , Jamal Slim , Florian Rehm , Dirk Krücker , Kerstin Borras

We propose a parameter estimation protocol for generalized Pauli channels acting on $d$-dimensional Hilbert space. The salient features of the proposed method include product probe states and measurements, the number of measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-07-07 Junaid ur Rehman , Hyundong Shin