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Deep neural networks are vulnerable to adversarial examples that mislead the models with imperceptible perturbations. Though adversarial attacks have achieved incredible success rates in the white-box setting, most existing adversaries…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-08-16 Xiaosen Wang , Kun He

Leveraging a transferability estimation metric facilitates the non-trivial challenge of selecting the optimal model for the downstream task from a pool of pre-trained models. Most existing metrics primarily focus on identifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Prafful Kumar Khoba , Zijian Wang , Chetan Arora , Mahsa Baktashmotlagh

Adversarial transferability enables black-box attacks on unknown victim deep neural networks (DNNs), rendering attacks viable in real-world scenarios. Current transferable attacks create adversarial perturbation over the entire image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shangbo Wu , Yu-an Tan , Yajie Wang , Ruinan Ma , Wencong Ma , Yuanzhang Li

Deep learning models are known to be vulnerable to adversarial examples crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations on benign images. Many existing adversarial attack methods have achieved great white-box attack performance, but…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Xiaosen Wang , Jiadong Lin , Han Hu , Jingdong Wang , Kun He

Adversarial examples for neural network image classifiers are known to be transferable: examples optimized to be misclassified by a source classifier are often misclassified as well by classifiers with different architectures. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Jacob M. Springer , Melanie Mitchell , Garrett T. Kenyon

Deep neural networks can be vulnerable to adversarially crafted examples, presenting significant risks to practical applications. A prevalent approach for adversarial attacks relies on the transferability of adversarial examples, which are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Shanjun Xu , Linghui Li , Kaiguo Yuan , Bingyu Li

Malicious attackers can generate targeted adversarial examples by imposing tiny noises, forcing neural networks to produce specific incorrect outputs. With cross-model transferability, network models remain vulnerable even in black-box…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Hung-Jui Wang , Yu-Yu Wu , Shang-Tse Chen

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) remain vulnerable to transferable adversarial examples. While existing methods typically achieve targeted attacks by aligning global features-such as CLIP's [CLS] token-between adversarial and target…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Xiaojun Jia , Sensen Gao , Simeng Qin , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Yihao Huang , Xinfeng Li , Yiming Li , Bo Li , Yang Liu

In this paper, we propose a novel transfer-based targeted attack method that optimizes the adversarial perturbations without any extra training efforts for auxiliary networks on training data. Our new attack method is proposed based on the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Zhipeng Wei , Jingjing Chen , Zuxuan Wu , Yu-Gang Jiang

Adversarial examples (AEs) have been extensively studied due to their potential for privacy protection and inspiring robust neural networks. Yet, making a targeted AE transferable across unknown models remains challenging. In this paper, to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Hui Zeng , Biwei Chen , Anjie Peng

Adversarial examples' (AE) transferability refers to the phenomenon that AEs crafted with one surrogate model can also fool other models. Notwithstanding remarkable progress in untargeted transferability, its targeted counterpart remains…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hui Zeng , Sanshuai Cui , Biwei Chen , Anjie Peng

Existing works have identified the limitation of top-$1$ attack success rate (ASR) as a metric to evaluate the attack strength but exclusively investigated it in the white-box setting, while our work extends it to a more practical black-box…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Chaoning Zhang , Philipp Benz , Adil Karjauv , Jae Won Cho , Kang Zhang , In So Kweon

Adversarial examples generated from surrogate models often possess the ability to deceive other black-box models, a property known as transferability. Recent research has focused on enhancing adversarial transferability, with input…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-11-22 Tao Wang , Zijian Ying , Qianmu Li , zhichao Lian

Though CNNs have achieved the state-of-the-art performance on various vision tasks, they are vulnerable to adversarial examples --- crafted by adding human-imperceptible perturbations to clean images. However, most of the existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Cihang Xie , Zhishuai Zhang , Yuyin Zhou , Song Bai , Jianyu Wang , Zhou Ren , Alan Yuille

In the transfer-based adversarial attacks, adversarial examples are only generated by the surrogate models and achieve effective perturbation in the victim models. Although considerable efforts have been developed on improving the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Xiangyuan Yang , Jie Lin , Hanlin Zhang , Xinyu Yang , Peng Zhao

We consider the blackbox transfer-based targeted adversarial attack threat model in the realm of deep neural network (DNN) image classifiers. Rather than focusing on crossing decision boundaries at the output layer of the source model, our…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-05-01 Nathan Inkawhich , Kevin J Liang , Binghui Wang , Matthew Inkawhich , Lawrence Carin , Yiran Chen

Intermediate-level attacks that attempt to perturb feature representations following an adversarial direction drastically have shown favorable performance in crafting transferable adversarial examples. Existing methods in this category are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Qizhang Li , Yiwen Guo , Wangmeng Zuo , Hao Chen

Transfer adversarial attack is a non-trivial black-box adversarial attack that aims to craft adversarial perturbations on the surrogate model and then apply such perturbations to the victim model. However, the transferability of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Shuman Fang , Jie Li , Xianming Lin , Rongrong Ji

Adversarial perturbations can mislead Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) recognize a benign image as a specific target object, posing serious risks in safety-critical scenarios such as autonomous driving and medical diagnosis. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Haobo Wang , Xiaorong Ma , Weiqi Luo , Xiaojun Jia , Jiwu Huang

Diffusion models build a new milestone for image generation yet raising public concerns, for they can be fine-tuned on unauthorized images for customization. Protection based on adversarial attacks rises to encounter this unauthorized…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Boyang Zheng , Chumeng Liang , Xiaoyu Wu