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This paper presents an interpretable closed-loop Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS) that supports feedback-guided practice for developing on-camera oral presentation skills at scale. The system operationalizes a seven-dimensional…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Hung-Yue Suen , Kuo-En Hung

Dialogue acts (DAs) can represent conversational actions of tutors or students that take place during tutoring dialogues. Automating the identification of DAs in tutoring dialogues is significant to the design of dialogue-based intelligent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-04-18 Jionghao Lin , Wei Tan , Ngoc Dang Nguyen , David Lang , Lan Du , Wray Buntine , Richard Beare , Guanliang Chen , Dragan Gasevic

Recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning have reignited interest in their impact on Computer-based Learning (CBL). AI-driven tools like ChatGPT and Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have enhanced learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Mohsen Balavar , Wenli Yang , David Herbert , Soonja Yeom

The prediction of student performance and the analysis of students' learning behavior play an important role in enhancing online courses. By analysing a massive amount of clickstream data that captures student behavior, educators can gain…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-23 Narjes Rohani , Behnam Rohani , Areti Manataki

Intelligent tutoring systems (ITSs) that imitate human tutors and aim to provide immediate and customized instructions or feedback to learners have shown their effectiveness in education. With the emergence of generative artificial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Carolyn Lee , Nancy F. Chen

The interdisciplinary research domain of Artificial Intelligence in Education (AIED) has a long history of developing Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) by integrating insights from technological advancements, educational theories, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Kaushal Kumar Maurya , Ekaterina Kochmar

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to scale up personalized tutoring through large language models (LLMs). Recent AI tutors are adapted for the tutoring task by training or prompting LLMs to follow effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Alexander Scarlatos , Naiming Liu , Jaewook Lee , Richard Baraniuk , Andrew Lan

Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) can provide personalized and self-paced learning experience. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) further enables better human-machine interaction, and facilitates the development of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Zhengyuan Liu , Stella Xin Yin , Geyu Lin , Nancy F. Chen

Tutoring is highly effective for promoting learning. However, the contribution of expertise to tutoring effectiveness is unclear and continues to be debated. We conducted a 9-week learning efficacy study of an intelligent tutoring system…

Sustained effort is essential for realizing the benefits of intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), yet many learners disengage or underuse available practice time. We introduce engagement forecasting as a supervised prediction task based on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Eric S. Qiu , Danielle R. Thomas , Boyuan Guo , Vincent Aleven , Conrad Borchers

AI-based Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS) have significant potential to transform teaching and learning. As efforts continue to design, develop, and integrate ITS into educational contexts, mixed results about their effectiveness have…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Meriem Zerkouk , Miloud Mihoubi , Belkacem Chikhaoui

Spreadsheets are one of the most widely used tools for end users. As a result, spreadsheets such as Excel are now included in many curricula. However, digital solutions for assessing spreadsheet assignments are still scarce in the teaching…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Sören Aguirre Reid , Frank Kammer , Jonas-Ian Kuche , Pia-Doreen Ritzke , Markus Siepermann , Max Stephan , Armin Wagenknecht

Assessment of proficiency of the learner is an essential part of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS). We use Item Response Theory (IRT) in computer-aided language learning for assessment of student ability in two contexts: in test sessions,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Jue Hou , Anisia Katinskaia , Anh-Duc Vu , Roman Yangarber

We present an empirical study of how both experienced tutors and non-tutors judge the correctness of tutor praise responses under different Artificial Intelligence (AI)-assisted interfaces, types of explanation (textual explanations vs.…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Eason Chen , Jeffrey Li , Scarlett Huang , Xinyi Tang , Jionghao Lin , Paulo Carvalho , Kenneth Koedinger

Interactive Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITSs) enhance traditional ITSs by promoting effective learning through interactions and problem resolution in online education. Yet, proactive engagement, prioritizing resource optimization with…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yang Deng , Zifeng Ren , An Zhang , Tat-Seng Chua

The aim of this study was to predict university students' learning performance using different sources of data from an Intelligent Tutoring System. We collected and preprocessed data from 40 students from different multimodal sources:…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-13 W. Chango , R. Cerezo , M. Sanchez-Santillan , R. Azevedo , C. Romero

Designing dialog tutors has been challenging as it involves modeling the diverse and complex pedagogical strategies employed by human tutors. Although there have been significant recent advances in neural conversational systems using large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Jakub Macina , Nico Daheim , Lingzhi Wang , Tanmay Sinha , Manu Kapur , Iryna Gurevych , Mrinmaya Sachan

SQL is a central component of any database course. Despite the small number of SQL commands, students struggle to practice the concepts. To overcome this challenge, we developed an intelligent tutoring system (ITS) to guide the learning…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Sören Aguirre Reid , Frank Kammer , Johannes Kunz , Timon Pellekoorne , Markus Siepermann , Jonas Wölfer

This paper introduces a scalable causal inference framework for estimating the immediate, session-level effects of on-demand human tutoring embedded within adaptive learning systems. Because students seek assistance at moments of…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Kirk Vanacore , Danielle R Thomas , Digory Smith , Bibi Groot , Justin Reich , Rene Kizilcec

Large-enrollment university courses face persistent challenges in providing timely and scalable instructional support. While generative AI holds promise, its effective use depends on reliability and pedagogical alignment. We present a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Jérémy Barghorn , Anna Sotnikova , Sacha Friedli , Antoine Bosselut