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In this article, we first present our vision on the application scenarios, performance metrics, and potential key technologies of the sixth generation (6G) wireless communication networks. Then, 6G wireless channel measurements,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-12-14 C. -X. Wang , J. Huang , H. Wang , X. Gao , X. -H. You , Y. Hao

The employment of extremely large antenna arrays and high-frequency signaling makes future 6G wireless communications likely to operate in the near-field region. In this case, the spherical wave assumption which takes into account both the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-29 Xing Zhang , Haiyang Zhang , Yonina C. Eldar

Holographic Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (HMIMO), which densely integrates numerous antennas into a limited space, is anticipated to provide higher rates for future 6G wireless communications. The increase in antenna aperture size makes…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-17 Houfeng Chen , Shuhao Zeng , Hao Guo , Tommy Svensson , Hongliang Zhang

Extremely large antenna arrays and high-frequency operation are two key technologies that advance performance metrics such as higher data rates, lower latency, and wider coverage in sixth-generation communications. However, the adoption of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Van-Chung Luu , Toan-Van Nguyen , Nuria González-Prelcic , Duy H. N. Nguyen

The "near-field" propagation modeling of wireless channels is necessary to support sixth-generation (6G) technologies, such as intelligent reflecting surface (IRS), that are enabled by large aperture antennas and higher frequency carriers.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-12 Navneet Agrawal , Ehsan Tohidi , Renato L. G. Cavalcante , Sławomir Stańczak

With the increase of multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) array size and carrier frequency, near-field MIMO communications will become crucial in 6G wireless networks. Due to the increase of MIMO near-field range, the research of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Haiyang Miao , Jianhua Zhang , Pan Tang , Heng Wang , Lei Tian , Guangyi Liu

In low altitude UAV communications, accurate channel estimation remains challenging due to the dynamic nature of air to ground links, exacerbated by high node mobility and the use of large scale antenna arrays, which introduce hybrid near…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Wenli Yuan , Kan Yu , Xiaowu Liu , Kaixuan Li , Qixun Zhang , Zhiyong Feng

As a promising technique, extremely large-scale (XL)-arrays offer potential solutions for overcoming the severe path loss in millimeter-wave (mmWave) and TeraHertz (THz) channels, crucial for enabling 6G. Nevertheless, XL-arrays introduce…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-09-19 Songjie Yang , Wanting Lyu , Zhongpei Zhang , Chau Yuen

The increase in antenna apertures and transmission frequencies in next-generation wireless networks is catalyzing advancements in near-field communications (NFC). In this paper, we investigate secure transmission in near-field multi-user…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Zihao Teng , Jiancheng An , Christos Masouros , Hongbin Li , Lu Gan , Derrick Wing Kwan Ng

The deployment of extremely large-scale array (ELAA) brings higher spectral efficiency and spatial degree of freedom, but triggers issues on near-field channel estimation. Existing near-field channel estimation schemes primarily exploit…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-19 Zhiming Zhu , Shu Xu , Jiexin Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

The upcoming 6G technology is expected to operate in near-field (NF) radiating conditions thanks to high-frequency and electrically large antenna arrays. Although several studies have already addressed this possibility, it is worth noting…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Ahmed Elzanaty , Jiuyu Liu , Anna Guerra , Francesco Guidi , Yi Ma , Rahim Tafazolli

Terahertz (THz) band owning the abundant multi-ten-GHz bandwidth is capable to support Terabit-per-second wireless communications, which is a pillar technology for 6G and beyond systems. With sub-millimeter-long antennas, ultra-massive (UM)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Chong Han , Yuhang Chen , Longfei Yan , Zhi Chen , Linglong Dai

Extremely Large Antenna Arrays (ELAA) operating at sub-terahertz frequencies introduce a regime where near-field Fresnel propagation and high-mobility carrier Doppler interact simultaneously, creating a four-dimensional signal space that…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-24 Rahul Gulia

Multi-antenna channel sounding is a technique for measuring the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves that is commonly employed for parameterizing channel models. Channel sounders are usually custom-built from many Software…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-14 Florian Euchner , Tim Schneider , Marc Gauger , Stephan ten Brink

Extremely large-scale multiple-input multiple-output (XL-MIMO) is a key enabling technology for sixth-generation (6G) communication systems. Nevertheless, the increase in array aperture and signal bandwidth brings new challenges to wideband…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-23 Qingxia Feng , Yin Fang , Meng Hua , Cheng Zhang , Chunguo Li , Yongming Huang , Luxi Yang

This paper explores the potential of near-field beamforming (NFBF) in integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) systems with extremely large-scale arrays (XL-arrays). The large-scale antenna arrays increase the possibility of having…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-15 Kaiqian Qu , Shuaishuai Guo , Nasir Saeed

Millimeter-Wave (mmWave) (30-300 GHz) and D band (110-170 GHz) frequencies are poised to play a pivotal role in the advancement of sixth-generation (6G) systems and beyond with increased demand for greater bandwidth and capacity. This paper…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Chathuri Weragama , Joonas Kokkoniemi , Mar Francis De Guzman , Katsuyuki Haneda , Pekka Kÿosti , Markku Juntti

With abundant bandwidth resource, the Terahertz band (0.1~THz to 10~THz) is envisioned as a key technology to realize ultra-high data rates in the 6G and beyond mobile communication systems. However, moving to the THz band, existing channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-11-22 Yuanbo Li , Yiqin Wang , Yi Chen , Ziming Yu , Chong Han

Extremely large-scale antenna array (ELAA) is promising as one of the key ingredients for the sixth generation (6G) of wireless communications. The electromagnetic propagation of spherical wavefronts introduces an additional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xu Shi , Xuehan Wang , Jingbo Tan , Jintao Wang

Realizing the 6G vision of artificial intelligence (AI) and integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) critically requires large-scale real-world channel datasets for channel modeling and data-driven AI models. However, traditional…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yi Chen , Ming Li , Chong Han