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Recent breakthroughs in multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have endowed AI systems with unified perception, reasoning and natural-language interaction across text, image and video streams. Meanwhile, Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV)…

Large language models (LLMs) constitute a breakthrough state-of-the-art Artificial Intelligence technology which is rapidly evolving and promises to aid in medical diagnosis. However, the correctness and the accuracy of their returns has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Dimitrios P. Panagoulias , Maria Virvou , George A. Tsihrintzis

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have remarkably progressed in analyzing and understanding images. Despite these advancements, accurately regressing values in charts remains an underexplored area for MLLMs. For visualization, how do…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Rami Huu Nguyen , Kenichi Maeda , Mahsa Geshvadi , Daniel Haehn

Multi-modal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced in visual tasks, yet their spatial understanding remains limited to single images, leaving them ill-suited for physical-world applications that require multi-frame reasoning.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Runsen Xu , Weiyao Wang , Hao Tang , Xingyu Chen , Xiaodong Wang , Fu-Jen Chu , Matt Feiszli , Kevin J. Liang

As multimodal language models (MLMs) are increasingly used in social and collaborative settings, it is crucial to evaluate their perspective-taking abilities. Existing benchmarks largely rely on text-based vignettes or static scene…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Jonathan Prunty , Seraphina Zhang , Patrick Quinn , Jianxun Lian , Xing Xie , Lucy Cheke

The rapid growth of ego-centric dashcam footage presents a major challenge for detecting safety-critical events such as collisions and near-collisions, scenarios that are brief, rare, and difficult for generic vision models to capture.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Mohammad Qazim Bhat , Yufan Huang , Niket Agarwal , Hao Wang , Michael Woods , John Kenyon , Tsung-Yi Lin , Xiaodong Yang , Ming-Yu Liu , Kevin Xie

Large multimodal models (LMMs) combine unimodal encoders and large language models (LLMs) to perform multimodal tasks. Despite recent advancements towards the interpretability of these models, understanding internal representations of LMMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Jayneel Parekh , Pegah Khayatan , Mustafa Shukor , Alasdair Newson , Matthieu Cord

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently emerged as a focal point of research and application, driven by their unprecedented ability to understand and generate text with human-like quality. Even more recently, LLMs have been extended into…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Kilian Carolan , Laura Fennelly , Alan F. Smeaton

Human behavior models are essential as behavior references and for simulating human agents in virtual safety assessment of automated vehicles (AVs), yet current models face a trade-off between interpretability and flexibility.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Samir H. A. Mohammad , Wouter Mooi , Arkady Zgonnikov

In the rapidly evolving landscape of autonomous driving, the capability to accurately predict future events and assess their implications is paramount for both safety and efficiency, critically aiding the decision-making process. World…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Yanchen Guan , Haicheng Liao , Zhenning Li , Jia Hu , Runze Yuan , Yunjian Li , Guohui Zhang , Chengzhong Xu

Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating content across various modalities, such as images and text. However, their interpretability remains a challenge, hindering…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Loris Giulivi , Giacomo Boracchi

The Driving World Model (DWM), which focuses on predicting scene evolution during the driving process, has emerged as a promising paradigm in the pursuit of autonomous driving (AD). DWMs enable AD systems to better perceive, understand, and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Sifan Tu , Xin Zhou , Dingkang Liang , Xingyu Jiang , Yumeng Zhang , Xiaofan Li , Xiang Bai

Video-Language Models (VLMs) have demonstrated impressive multi-modal reasoning capabilities across diverse computer vision applications. However, these VLMs are task-specific and assume that both video and language inputs are complete.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Xiang Fang , Wanlong Fang , Changshuo Wang , Keke Tang , Daizong Liu , Siyi Wang , Wei Ji

Multi-sensor fusion plays a critical role in enhancing perception for autonomous driving, overcoming individual sensor limitations, and enabling comprehensive environmental understanding. This paper first formalizes multi-sensor fusion…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Chuheng Wei , Ziye Qin , Ziyan Zhang , Guoyuan Wu , Matthew J. Barth

Multilingual capability is an essential aspect for large multimodal models, since they are usually deployed across various countries and languages. However, most existing benchmarks for multilingual multimodal reasoning struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-28 Hongyu Wang , Jiayu Xu , Senwei Xie , Ruiping Wang , Jialin Li , Zhaojie Xie , Bin Zhang , Chuyan Xiong , Xilin Chen

Level 3 automated driving systems allows drivers to engage in secondary tasks while diminishing their perception of risk. In the event of an emergency necessitating driver intervention, the system will alert the driver with a limited window…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Wei Xiang , Muchen Li , Jie Yan , Manling Zheng , Hanfei Zhu , Mengyun Jiang , Lingyun Sun

Is vision good enough for language? Recent advancements in multimodal models primarily stem from the powerful reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs). However, the visual component typically depends only on the instance-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-26 Shengbang Tong , Zhuang Liu , Yuexiang Zhai , Yi Ma , Yann LeCun , Saining Xie

This paper explores the effectiveness of Multimodal Large Language models (MLLMs) as assistive technologies for visually impaired individuals. We conduct a user survey to identify adoption patterns and key challenges users face with such…

Comprehensive evaluation of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has recently garnered widespread attention in the research community. However, we observe that existing benchmarks present several common barriers that make it difficult…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yi-Fan Zhang , Huanyu Zhang , Haochen Tian , Chaoyou Fu , Shuangqing Zhang , Junfei Wu , Feng Li , Kun Wang , Qingsong Wen , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

Large multimodal models (LMMs) extend large language models (LLMs) with multi-sensory skills, such as visual understanding, to achieve stronger generic intelligence. In this paper, we analyze the latest model, GPT-4V(ision), to deepen the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Zhengyuan Yang , Linjie Li , Kevin Lin , Jianfeng Wang , Chung-Ching Lin , Zicheng Liu , Lijuan Wang