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Abridged: Recent simulations have explored different ways to form accretion disks around low-mass stars. We aim to present observables to differentiate a rotationally supported disk from an infalling rotating envelope toward deeply embedded…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-04-29 Daniel Harsono , Ewine van Dishoeck , Simon Bruderer , Zhi-Yun Li , Jes Jorgensen

We investigate structure of self-gravitating disks, their fragmentation and evolution of the fragments (the clumps) using both analytic approach and three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations starting from molecular cores. The…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Sanemichi Z. Takahashi , Masahiro N. Machida , Shu-ichiro Inutsuka

Understanding the thermal structure of protoplanetary disks is crucial for modeling planet formation and interpreting disk observations. We present a new two-layer radiative transfer model for computing the thermal structure of axisymmetric…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-17 Satoshi Okuzumi , Takahiro Ueda , Neal J. Turner

We perform global three-dimensional (3D) radiation-hydrodynamics calculations of the envelopes surrounding young planetary cores of 5, 10, and 15 Earth masses, located in a protoplanetary disk at 5 and 10 AU from a solar-mass star. We apply…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-11-07 Gennaro D'Angelo , Peter Bodenheimer

Recent simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs, carried out using a three-dimensional Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) code by Meru and Bate, have been interpreted as implying that three-dimensional global discs fragment much…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 W. K. M. Rice , D. H. Forgan , P. J. Armitage

Cosmic metallicity evolution possibly creates the diversity of star formation modes at different epochs. Gravitational fragmentation of circumstellar discs provides an important formation channel of multiple star systems, including close…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-17 Ryoki Matsukoba , Kei E. I. Tanaka , Kazuyuki Omukai , Eduard I. Vorobyov , Takashi Hosokawa

Self-gravitating discs are believed to play an important role in astrophysics in particular regarding the star and planet formation process. In this context, discs subject to an idealized cooling process, characterized by a cooling…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-04-20 Noé Brucy , Patrick Hennebelle

We study numerical convergence in local two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations of self-gravitating accretion discs with a simple cooling law. It is well-known that there exists a steady gravito-turbulent state, in which cooling is…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Sijme-Jan Paardekooper

Context: Radiative feedback plays a crucial role in the formation of massive stars. The implementation of a fast and accurate description of the proceeding thermodynamics in pre-stellar cores and evolving accretion disks is therefore a main…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-13 Rolf Kuiper , Hubert Klahr , Cornelis Dullemond , Wilhelm Kley , Thomas Henning

Previous simulations of self-gravitating protostellar disks have shown that, once developed, gravitational instabilities are enhanced by cooling the disk constantly during its evolution (Pickett et al. 2002). These earlier calculations…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Annie C. Mejía , Richard H. Durisen , Megan K. Pickett

We have carried out two-dimensional hydrodynamical simulations to study the effects of disk self-gravity and radiative cooling on the formation of gaps and spirals. (1) With disk self-gravity included, we find stronger, more tightly-wound…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-14 Shangjia Zhang , Zhaohuan Zhu

While collisional accumulation is nearly universally accepted as the formation mechanism of rock and ice worlds, the situation regarding gas giant planet formation is more nuanced. Gas accretion by solid cores formed by collisional…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-12-22 Alan P. Boss

We present results from combining a grid-based radiative transfer code with a Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics code to produce a flexible system for modelling radiation hydrodynamics. We use a benchmark model of a circumstellar disc to…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 David M. Acreman , Tim J. Harries , David A. Rundle

A new Radiative Driven Implosion (RDI) model based on Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) technique is developed and applied to investigate the morphological evolutions of molecular clouds under the effect of ionising radiation. This…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 J. Miao , G. J. White , M. A. Thompson , R. P. Nelson

We report the results of our three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulation of collapsing unmagnetized molecular cloud cores. We investigate the formation and evolution of the circumstellar disk and the clumps formed by disk…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Yusuke Tsukamoto , Masahiro N. Machida , Shuichiro Inutsuka

Accurate measurement of temperature in protoplanetary disks is critical to understanding many key features of disk evolution and planet formation, from disk chemistry and dynamics, to planetesimal formation. This paper explores the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-02-14 Erik Weaver , Andrea Isella , Yann Boehler

We have developed a novel Monte Carlo method for simulating the dynamical evolution of stellar systems in arbitrary geometry. The orbits of stars are followed in a smooth potential represented by a basis-set expansion and perturbed after…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-12-04 Eugene Vasiliev

While planets in the solar system only have a low inclination with respect to the ecliptic there is mounting evidence that in extrasolar systems the inclination can be very high, at least for close-in planets. One process to alter the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2014-01-09 Bertram Bitsch , Willy Kley

Our aim is to study the thermal and dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks in global simulations, including the physics of radiation transfer and magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence caused by the magneto-rotational instability. We…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 M. Flock , S. Fromang , M. González , B. Commerçon

Most analytic work to date on protostellar disks has focused on those in isolation from their environments. However, observations are now beginning to probe the earliest, most embedded phases of star formation, during which disks are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Kaitlin M. Kratter , Christopher D. Matzner , Mark R. Krumholz , .