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This paper is concerned with the stability analysis of the recurrent neural networks (RNNs) by means of the integral quadratic constraint (IQC) framework. The rectified linear unit (ReLU) is typically employed as the activation function of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-02-10 Yoshio Ebihara , Hayato Waki , Victor Magron , Ngoc Hoang Anh Mai , Dimitri Peaucelle , Sophie Tarbouriech

This paper presents a new dynamic integral quadratic constraint (IQC) for the repeated Rectified Linear Unit (ReLU). These dynamic IQCs can be used to analyze stability and induced $\ell_2$-gain performance of discrete-time, recurrent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-19 Sahel Vahedi Noori , Bin Hu , Geir Dullerud , Peter Seiler

Recurrent Neural Networks (RNNs) are very successful at solving challenging problems with sequential data. However, this observed efficiency is not yet entirely explained by theory. It is known that a certain class of multiplicative RNNs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-31 Valentin Khrulkov , Oleksii Hrinchuk , Ivan Oseledets

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are widely used throughout neuroscience as models of local neural activity. Many properties of single RNNs are well characterized theoretically, but experimental neuroscience has moved in the direction of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Leo Kozachkov , Michaela Ennis , Jean-Jacques Slotine

This paper derives a complete set of quadratic constraints (QCs) for the repeated ReLU. The complete set of QCs is described by a collection of matrix copositivity conditions. We also show that only two functions satisfy all QCs in our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-23 Sahel Vahedi Noori , Bin Hu , Geir Dullerud , Peter Seiler

We consider the method of Reduction of Dissipativity Domain to prove global Lyapunov stability of Discrete Time Recurrent Neural Networks. The standard and advanced criteria for Absolute Stability of these essentially nonlinear systems…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-03-09 Nikita Barabanov , Jayant Singh

The goal of this paper is to provide sufficient conditions for guaranteeing the Input-to-State Stability (ISS) and the Incremental Input-to-State Stability ({\delta}ISS) of Gated Recurrent Units (GRUs) neural networks. These conditions,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-12 Fabio Bonassi , Marcello Farina , Riccardo Scattolini

Stability is a fundamental property of dynamical systems, yet to this date it has had little bearing on the practice of recurrent neural networks. In this work, we conduct a thorough investigation of stable recurrent models. Theoretically,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-05 John Miller , Moritz Hardt

This work makes several contributions on stability and performance verification of nonlinear dynamical systems controlled by neural networks. First, we show that the stability and performance of a polynomial dynamical system controlled by a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-09-27 Milan Korda

This paper introduces recurrent equilibrium networks (RENs), a new class of nonlinear dynamical models} for applications in machine learning, system identification and control. The new model class admits ``built in'' behavioural guarantees…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-13 Max Revay , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester

Recently, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been used as a powerful tool to solve many problems of machine learning and computer vision. In this paper, we aim to provide insight on the property of convolutional neural networks, as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-07-20 Wenling Shang , Kihyuk Sohn , Diogo Almeida , Honglak Lee

This paper analyzes internal stability of a discrete-time feedback system with a ReLU nonlinearity. This feedback system is motivated by recurrent neural networks. We first review existing static quadratic constraints (QCs) for…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-18 Sahel Vahedi Noori , Bin Hu , Geir Dullerud , Peter Seiler

We provide an empirical study of the stability of recurrent neural networks trained to recognize regular languages. When a small amount of noise is introduced into the activation function, the neurons in the recurrent layer tend to saturate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-18 Christian Oliva , Luis F. Lago-Fernández

We propose ReDense as a simple and low complexity way to improve the performance of trained neural networks. We use a combination of random weights and rectified linear unit (ReLU) activation function to add a ReLU dense (ReDense) layer to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Alireza M. Javid , Sandipan Das , Mikael Skoglund , Saikat Chatterjee

Linear recurrent neural networks, such as State Space Models (SSMs) and Linear Recurrent Units (LRUs), have recently shown state-of-the-art performance on long sequence modelling benchmarks. Despite their success, their empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Kai Biegun , Rares Dolga , Jake Cunningham , David Barber

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are a class of nonlinear dynamical systems often used to model sequence-to-sequence maps. RNNs have excellent expressive power but lack the stability or robustness guarantees that are necessary for many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-06 Max Revay , Ruigang Wang , Ian R. Manchester

Stability of recurrent models is closely linked with trainability, generalizability and in some applications, safety. Methods that train stable recurrent neural networks, however, do so at a significant cost to expressibility. We propose an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Max Revay , Ian R. Manchester

We present a novel algorithm for training deep neural networks in supervised (classification and regression) and unsupervised (reinforcement learning) scenarios. This algorithm combines the standard stochastic gradient descent and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Arunselvan Ramaswamy , Shalabh Bhatnagar , Naman Saxena

We study the learning ability of linear recurrent neural networks with Gradient Descent. We prove the first theoretical guarantee on linear RNNs to learn any stable linear dynamic system using any a large type of loss functions. For an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lifu Wang , Tianyu Wang , Shengwei Yi , Bo Shen , Bo Hu , Xing Cao

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been successfully applied to a variety of problems involving sequential data, but their optimization is sensitive to parameter initialization, architecture, and optimizer hyperparameters. Considering…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Ryan Vogt , Maximilian Puelma Touzel , Eli Shlizerman , Guillaume Lajoie
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