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This article introduces a novel method for detecting anomalies within log data from control system nodes at the European XFEL accelerator. Effective anomaly detection is crucial for providing operators with a clear understanding of each…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Antonin Sulc , Annika Eichler , Tim Wilksen

The widespread integration of new technologies in low-voltage distribution networks on the consumer side creates the need for distribution system operators to perform advanced real-time calculations to estimate network conditions. In recent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-28 Petar Labura , Tomislav Antic , Tomislav Capuder

Automating anomaly detection is an open problem in many scientific fields, particularly in time-domain astronomy, where modern telescopes generate millions of alerts per night. Currently, most anomaly detection algorithms for astronomical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Rithwik Gupta , Daniel Muthukrishna , Michelle Lochner

Traditional anomaly detection methods aim to identify objects that deviate from most other objects by treating all features equally. In contrast, contextual anomaly detection methods aim to detect objects that deviate from other objects…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-07 Zhong Li , Matthijs van Leeuwen

Timely detection of concerning events is an important problem in clinical practice. In this paper, we consider the problem of conditional anomaly detection that aims to identify data instances with an unusual response, such as the omission…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Michal Valko , Hamed Valizadegan , Branislav Kveton , Gregory F. Cooper , Milos Hauskrecht

Most of today's security solutions, such as security information and event management (SIEM) and signature based IDS, require the operator to evaluate potential attack vectors and update detection signatures and rules in a timely manner.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Markus Wurzenberger , Florian Skopik , Roman Fiedler , Wolfgang Kastner

The security of cryptographic communication protocols that use X.509 certificates depends on the correctness of those certificates. This paper proposes a system that helps to ensure the correct operation of an X.509 certification authority…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-16 Holger Kinkelin , Richard von Seck , Christoph Rudolf , Georg Carle

We present an extension to the model-free anomaly detection algorithm, Isolation Forest. This extension, named Extended Isolation Forest (EIF), resolves issues with assignment of anomaly score to given data points. We motivate the problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-09 Sahand Hariri , Matias Carrasco Kind , Robert J. Brunner

This paper introduces AnomaLLMy, a novel technique for the automatic detection of anomalous tokens in black-box Large Language Models (LLMs) with API-only access. Utilizing low-confidence single-token predictions as a cost-effective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Waligóra Witold

In programming education, teachers need to monitor and assess the progress of their students by investigating the code they write. Code quality of programs written in traditional programming languages can be automatically assessed with…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Nina Körber , Katharina Geldreich , Andreas Stahlbauer , Gordon Fraser

The isolation forest algorithm for outlier detection exploits a simple yet effective observation: if taking some multivariate data and making uniformly random cuts across the feature space recursively, it will take fewer such random cuts…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-11-24 David Cortes

Most of the existing methods for anomaly detection use only positive data to learn the data distribution, thus they usually need a pre-defined threshold at the detection stage to determine whether a test instance is an outlier.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-19 Kai Tian , Shuigeng Zhou , Jianping Fan , Jihong Guan

Anomaly detection methods strive to discover patterns that differ from the norm in a semantic way. This goal is ambiguous as a data point differing from the norm by an attribute e.g., age, race or gender, may be considered anomalous by some…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Niv Cohen , Jonathan Kahana , Yedid Hoshen

For the purpose of monitoring the behavior of complex infrastructures (e.g. aircrafts, transport or energy networks), high-rate sensors are deployed to capture multivariate data, generally unlabeled, in quasi continuous-time to detect…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-10-10 Guillaume Staerman , Pavlo Mozharovskyi , Stephan Clémençon , Florence d'Alché-Buc

The detection of anomalous behaviours is an emerging need in many applications, particularly in contexts where security and reliability are critical aspects. While the definition of anomaly strictly depends on the domain framework, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-11 Elisa Marcelli , Tommaso Barbariol , Gian Antonio Susto

In a context of a continuous digitalisation of processes, organisations must deal with the challenge of detecting anomalies that can reveal suspicious activities upon an increasing volume of data. To pursue this goal, audit engagements are…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2024-05-24 A. Herreros-Martínez , R. Magdalena-Benedicto , J. Vila-Francés , A. J. Serrano-López , S. Pérez-Díaz

Any intelligent traffic monitoring system must be able to detect anomalies such as traffic accidents in real time. In this paper, we propose a Decision-Tree - enabled approach powered by Deep Learning for extracting anomalies from traffic…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-04-15 Armstrong Aboah , Maged Shoman , Vishal Mandal , Sayedomidreza Davami , Yaw Adu-Gyamfi , Anuj Sharma

The Isolation Forest (iForest), proposed by Liu, Ting, and Zhou at TKDE 2012, has become a prominent tool for unsupervised anomaly detection. However, recent research by Hariri, Kind, and Brunner, published in TKDE 2021, has revealed issues…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Vahideh Monemizadeh , Kourosh Kiani

Anomaly Detection (AD) is crucial in industrial settings to streamline operations by detecting underlying issues. Conventional methods merely label observations as normal or anomalous, lacking crucial insights. In Industry 5.0,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Davide Frizzo , Francesco Borsatti , Alessio Arcudi , Antonio De Moliner , Roberto Oboe , Gian Antonio Susto

We present a novel strategy for detecting global outliers in a federated learning setting, targeting in particular cross-silo scenarios. Our approach involves the use of two servers and the transmission of masked local data from clients to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-23 Daniele Malpetti , Laura Azzimonti