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The cooperation among AI systems, and between AI systems and humans is becoming increasingly important. In various real-world tasks, an agent needs to cooperate with unknown partner agent types. This requires the agent to assess the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Antti Keurulainen , Isak Westerlund , Ariel Kwiatkowski , Samuel Kaski , Alexander Ilin

Do AI systems truly understand human concepts or merely mimic surface patterns? We investigate this through chess, where human creativity meets precise strategic concepts. Analyzing a 270M-parameter transformer that achieves…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-05 Semyon Lomasov , Judah Goldfeder , Mehmet Hamza Erol , Matthew So , Yao Yan , Addison Howard , Nathan Kutz , Ravid Shwartz Ziv

We argue that accountability mechanisms are needed in human-AI agent relationships to ensure alignment with user and societal interests. We propose a framework according to which AI agents' engagement is conditional on appropriate user…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Benjamin Lange , Geoff Keeling , Arianna Manzini , Amanda McCroskery

Many challenges remain before AI agents can be deployed in real-world environments. However, one virtue of such environments is that they are inherently multi-agent and contain human experts. Using advanced social intelligence in such an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Eric Ye , Ren Tao , Natasha Jaques

Humans are remarkably adept at collaboration, able to infer the strengths and weaknesses of new partners in order to work successfully towards shared goals. To build AI systems with this capability, we must first understand its building…

While Artificial Intelligence has successfully outperformed humans in complex combinatorial games (such as chess and checkers), humans have retained their supremacy in social interactions that require intuition and adaptation, such as…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2014-04-22 Fatimah Ishowo-Oloko , Jacob Crandall , Manuel Cebrian , Sherief Abdallah , Iyad Rahwan

Artificial intelligence (AI) systems are evolving beyond passive tools into autonomous agents capable of reasoning, adapting, and acting with minimal human intervention. Despite their growing presence, a structured framework is lacking to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Christopher Wissuchek , Patrick Zschech

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is advancing at an unprecedented pace, with clear potential to enhance decision-making and productivity. Yet, the collaborative decision-making process between humans and AI remains underdeveloped, often falling…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Bowen Lou , Tian Lu , T. S. Raghu , Yingjie Zhang

Current AI agents can flexibly invoke tools and execute complex tasks, yet their long-term advancement is hindered by the lack of systematic accumulation and transfer of skills. Without a unified mechanism for skill consolidation, agents…

Recently, there have been several high-profile achievements of agents learning to play games against humans and beat them. In this paper, we study the problem of training intelligent agents in service of game development. Unlike the agents…

Achieving human-AI alignment in complex multi-agent games is crucial for creating trustworthy AI agents that enhance gameplay. We propose a method to evaluate this alignment using an interpretable task-sets framework, focusing on high-level…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-21 Sugandha Sharma , Guy Davidson , Khimya Khetarpal , Anssi Kanervisto , Udit Arora , Katja Hofmann , Ida Momennejad

According to canonical negotiation theory, people's success in a negotiation depends on how well they balance competing demands--empathizing and asserting, demonstrating concern for other and concern for self, being soft on the people and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Michelle A. Vaccaro , Jared R. Curhan

AI systems are increasingly used to assist humans in sequential decision-making tasks, yet determining when and how an AI assistant should intervene remains a fundamental challenge. A potential baseline is to recommend the optimal action…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Saumik Narayanan , Raja Panjwani , Siddhartha Sen , Chien-Ju Ho

Recently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology use has been rising in sports to reach decisions of various complexity. At a relatively low complexity level, for example, major tennis tournaments replaced human line judges with Hawk-Eye…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2024-07-19 Nejat Anbarci , Mehmet S. Ismail

A common vision from science fiction is that robots will one day inhabit our physical spaces, sense the world as we do, assist our physical labours, and communicate with us through natural language. Here we study how to design artificial…

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into economic systems represents a transformative shift in decision-making frameworks, introducing novel dynamics between human and AI agents. This paper proposes a welfare model that…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2025-01-28 Sheyan Lalmohammed

Aligning AI systems with human values remains a fundamental challenge, but does our inability to create perfectly aligned models preclude obtaining the benefits of alignment? We study a strategic setting where a human user interacts with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Natalie Collina , Surbhi Goel , Aaron Roth , Emily Ryu , Mirah Shi

In recent years, Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have surpassed human intelligence in a variety of computational tasks. However, AI systems, like humans, make mistakes, have blind spots, hallucinate, and struggle to generalize to new…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Tom Zahavy , Vivek Veeriah , Shaobo Hou , Kevin Waugh , Matthew Lai , Edouard Leurent , Nenad Tomasev , Lisa Schut , Demis Hassabis , Satinder Singh

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have made remarkable progress, attaining super-human performance across various domains. This presents us with an opportunity to further human knowledge and improve human expert performance by leveraging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Lisa Schut , Nenad Tomasev , Tom McGrath , Demis Hassabis , Ulrich Paquet , Been Kim

AI agents -- systems that combine foundation models with reasoning, planning, memory, and tool use -- are rapidly becoming a practical interface between natural-language intent and real-world computation. This survey synthesizes the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Bin Xu