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Estimating mutual information (MI) is a fundamental task in data science and machine learning. Existing estimators mainly rely on either highly flexible models (e.g., neural networks), which require large amounts of data, or overly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Yanzhi Chen , Zijing Ou , Adrian Weller , Michael U. Gutmann

We present two classes of improved estimators for mutual information $M(X,Y)$, from samples of random points distributed according to some joint probability density $\mu(x,y)$. In contrast to conventional estimators based on binnings, they…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2009-11-10 Alexander Kraskov , Harald Stoegbauer , Peter Grassberger

The conditional mutual information quantifies the conditional dependence of two random variables. It has numerous applications; it forms, for example, part of the definition of transfer entropy, a common measure of the causal relationship…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Jake Witter , Conor Houghton

In Science, Reshef et al. (2011) proposed the concept of equitability for measures of dependence between two random variables. To this end, they proposed a novel measure, the maximal information coefficient (MIC). Recently a PNAS paper…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-04-17 A. Adam Ding , Yi Li

Relational data augmentation is a powerful technique for enhancing data analytics and improving machine learning models by incorporating columns from external datasets. However, it is challenging to efficiently discover relevant external…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-06 Aécio Santos , Flip Korn , Juliana Freire

Recently, Mutual Information (MI) has attracted attention in bounding the generalization error of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). However, it is intractable to accurately estimate the MI in DNNs, thus most previous works have to relax the MI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-21 Xinjie Lan , Kenneth Barner

Information diagram and the I-measure are useful mnemonics where random variables are treated as sets, and entropy and mutual information are treated as a signed measure. Although the I-measure has been successful in machine proofs of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Cheuk Ting Li

Information about intrinsic dimension is crucial to perform dimensionality reduction, compress information, design efficient algorithms, and do statistical adaptation. In this paper we propose an estimator for the intrinsic dimension of a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Paulo Serra , Michel Mandjes

We define a metric, mutual information in frequency (MI-in-frequency), to detect and quantify the statistical dependence between different frequency components in the data, referred to as cross-frequency coupling and apply it to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-05-23 Rakesh Malladi , Don H Johnson , Giridhar P Kalamangalam , Nitin Tandon , Behnaam Aazhang

Since the cost of installing and maintaining sensors is usually high, sensor locations are always strategically selected. For those aiming at inferring certain quantities of interest (QoI), it is desirable to explore the dependency between…

Computation · Statistics 2019-06-05 Xiao Lin , Asif Chowdhury , Xiaofan Wang , Gabriel Terejanu

Pearson's is the most common correlation statistic, used mainly in parametric settings. Most common among nonparametric correlation statistics are Spearman's and Kendall's. We show that for bivariate normal i.i.d. samples the pairwise…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-08-03 Raymond Molzon , Iosif Pinelis

In this paper we focus on the estimation of mutual information from finite samples $(\mathcal{X}\times\mathcal{Y})$. The main concern with estimations of mutual information is their robustness under the class of transformations for which it…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2020-02-04 Nicholas Carrara , Jesse Ernst

Information theory is built on probability measures and by definition a probability measure has total mass 1. Probability measures are used to model uncertainty, and one may ask how important it is that the total mass is one. We claim that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2022-02-08 Peter Harremoës

Obtaining meaningful quantitative descriptions of the statistical dependence within multivariate systems is a difficult open problem. Recently, the Partial Information Decomposition (PID) was proposed to decompose mutual information (MI)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2017-02-21 Robin A. A. Ince

The correlation distance quantifies the statistical independence of two classical or quantum systems, via the distance from their joint state to the product of the marginal states. Tight lower bounds are given for the mutual information…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-09-23 Michael J. W. Hall

Mutual Information (MI) is a fundamental metric for quantifying dependency between two random variables. When we can access only the samples, but not the underlying distribution functions, we can evaluate MI using sample-based estimators.…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-10-16 Kyungeun Lee , Wonjong Rhee

The information theoretic quantity known as mutual information finds wide use in classification and community detection analyses to compare two classifications of the same set of objects into groups. In the context of classification…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-04-29 M. E. J. Newman , George T. Cantwell , Jean-Gabriel Young

Estimating mutual information (MI) is a fundamental yet challenging task in data science and machine learning. This work proposes a new estimator for mutual information. Our main discovery is that a preliminary estimate of the data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Yanzhi Chen , Zijing Ou , Adrian Weller , Yingzhen Li

Characterizing correlations in a quantum system on the basis of the results of the projective measurements can be performed with different means including the calculation of the classical mutual information. Generally, estimating such…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-05 D. A. Konyshev , V. V. Mazurenko

We explore a large class of correlation measures called the $\alpha-z$ R\'enyi mutual informations (RMIs). Unlike the commonly used notion of RMI involving linear combinations of R\'enyi entropies, the $\alpha-z$ RMIs are positive…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-08-27 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Laimei Nie , Akash Vijay