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A classical parking function of length $n$ is a list of positive integers $(a_1, a_2, \ldots, a_n)$ whose nondecreasing rearrangement $b_1 \leq b_2 \leq \cdots \leq b_n$ satisfies $b_i \leq i$. The convex hull of all parking functions of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-09-12 Mitsuki Hanada , John Lentfer , Andrés R. Vindas-Meléndez

Naples parking functions were introduced as a generalization of classical parking functions, in which cars are allowed to park backwards, by checking up to a fixed number of previous slots, before proceedings forward as usual. In our…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-12 Luca Ferrari , Francesco Verciani

Recently, the authors extended the notion of parking functions to parking sequences, which include cars of different sizes, and proved a product formula for the number of such sequences. We here give a refinement of that result involving…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-09-06 Richard Ehrenborg , Alex Happ

The notion of parking sequences is a new generalization of parking functions introduced by Ehrenborg and Happ. In the parking process defining the classical parking functions, instead of each car only taking one parking space, we allow the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-07-21 Ayomikun Adeniran , Catherine Yan

We recall that unit interval parking functions of length $n$ are a subset of parking functions in which every car parks in its preference or in the spot after its preference, and Fubini rankings of length $n$ are rankings of $n$ competitors…

A parking function is a function $\pi:[n]\to [n]$ whose $i$th-smallest output is at most $i,$ corresponding to a parking procedure for $n$ cars on a one-way street. We refine this concept by introducing preference-restricted parking…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-17 Jasper Bown , Peter Kagey , Alan Kappler , Michael E. Orrison , Jayden Thadani

We introduce a generalization of parking functions in which cars are limited in their movement backwards and forwards by two nonnegative integer parameters $k$ and $\ell$, respectively. In this setting, there are $n$ spots on a one-way…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-03-24 Jennifer Elder , Pamela E. Harris , Lybitina Koene , Ilana Lavene , Lucy Martinez , Molly Oldham

Classical parking functions can be defined in terms of drivers with preferred parking spaces searching a linear parking lot for an open parking spot. We may consider this linear parking lot as a collection of $n$ vertices (parking spots)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-05-30 Westin King , Catherine Yan

In a parking function, a car is considered lucky if it is able to park in its preferred spot. Extending work of Harris and Martinez, we enumerate outcomes of parking functions with a fixed set of lucky cars. We then consider a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-11 Melanie Ferreri , Pamela E. Harris , Lucy Martinez , Eric Swartz

Parking sequences (a generalization of parking functions) are defined by specifying car lengths and requiring that a car attempts to park in the first available spot after its preference. If it does not fit there, then a collision occurs…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-01-27 Spencer J. Franks , Pamela E. Harris , Kimberly Harry , Jan Kretschmann , Megan Vance

This paper studies a generalization of parking functions named $k$-Naples parking functions, where backward movement is allowed. One consequence of backward movement is that the number of ascending $k$-Naples is not the same as the number…

In this paper, we mainly study two notions of pattern avoidance in parking functions. First, for any collection of length 3 patterns, we compute the number of parking functions of size $n$ that avoid them under the first notion. This is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-09-23 Jun Yan

We settle a conjecture of B\'ona regarding the log-concavity of a certain statistic on parking functions by utilizing recent log-concavity results on matroids. This result allows us to also prove that connected, labeled graphs graded by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-12-30 Joseph Pappe

We extend the notion of parking functions to parking sequences, which include cars of different sizes, and prove a product formula for the number of such sequences.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-08-31 Richard Ehrenborg , Alex Happ

We recall the occupancy problem introduced by Konheim & Weiss in 1966 and we consider parking functions as hash maps. Each car $c_i$ prefers parking space $p_i$ (the hash map $c_i \mapsto p_i$ with $c_i$ is a key and $p_i$ an index into an…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-17 Jean-Baptiste Priez

Suppose that $n$ drivers each choose a preferred parking space in a linear car park with $m$ spaces. Each driver goes to the chosen space and parks there if it is free, and otherwise takes the first available space with larger number (if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-08 Peter J. Cameron , Daniel Johannsen , Thomas Prellberg , Pascal Schweitzer

For any integers $1\leq k\leq n$, we introduce a new family of parking functions called $k$-vacillating parking functions of length $n$. The parking rule for $k$-vacillating parking functions allows a car with preference $p$ to park in the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-27 Bruce Fang , Pamela E. Harris , Brian M. Kamau , David Wang

Parking functions are tuples that describe the parking of $M$ cars on a street with $M$ parking spots. In this paper, we define exact $k$-typed parking functions ($k$-TPFs) to be a variant of classical parking functions. We then establish…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-03 Aalliyah Celestine , Jacob van der Leeuw , Lina Liu

For any irreducible real reflection group $W$ with Coxeter number $h$, Armstrong, Reiner, and the author introduced a pair of $W \times \ZZ_h$-modules which deserve to be called {\sf $W$-parking spaces} which generalize the type A notion of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-03-20 Brendon Rhoades

Consider $n$ cars $C_1, C_2, \ldots, C_n$ that want to park in a parking lot with parking spaces $1,2,\ldots,n$ that appear in order. Each car $C_i$ has a parking preference $\alpha_i \in \{1,2,\ldots,n\}$. The cars appear in order, if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-11-29 Melanie Tian , Enrique Treviño