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In recent years the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become increasingly prevalent in a growing number of fields. As AI systems are being adopted in more high-stakes areas such as medicine and finance, ensuring that they are…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Tobias M. Peters , Roel W. Visser

As artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning (ML) models and foundation models (FMs), is increasingly deployed in high-stakes domains, ensuring their trustworthiness has become a central challenge. However, the core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruta Binkyte , Ivaxi Sheth , Zhijing Jin , Mohammad Havaei , Bernhard Schölkopf , Mario Fritz

Appropriate Trust in Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems has rapidly become an important area of focus for both researchers and practitioners. Various approaches have been used to achieve it, such as confidence scores, explanations,…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Siddharth Mehrotra , Chadha Degachi , Oleksandra Vereschak , Catholijn M. Jonker , Myrthe L. Tielman

The risks of frontier AI may require international cooperation, which in turn may require verification: checking that all parties follow agreed-on rules. For instance, states might need to verify that powerful AI models are widely deployed…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Mauricio Baker , Gabriel Kulp , Oliver Marks , Miles Brundage , Lennart Heim

In 2019, the paper entitled "Model Cards for Model Reporting" introduced a new tool for documenting model performance and encouraged the practice of transparent reporting for a defined list of categories. One of the categories detailed in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-03-26 DeBrae Kennedy-Mayo , Jake Gord

Evaluating the safety of AI Systems is a pressing concern for organizations deploying them. In addition to the societal damage done by the lack of fairness of those systems, deployers are concerned about the legal repercussions and the…

Increasingly multi-purpose AI models, such as cutting-edge large language models or other 'general-purpose AI' (GPAI) models, 'foundation models,' generative AI models, and 'frontier models' (typically all referred to hereafter with the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Anthony M. Barrett , Jessica Newman , Brandie Nonnecke , Nada Madkour , Dan Hendrycks , Evan R. Murphy , Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman

Developing and certifying safe - or so-called trustworthy - AI has become an increasingly salient issue, especially in light of upcoming regulation such as the EU AI Act. In this context, the black-box nature of machine learning models…

This paper presents a systematic review of the literature on evaluation criteria for Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence (TAI), with a focus on the seven EU principles of TAI. This systematic literature review identifies and analyses…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Louise McCormack , Malika Bendechache

Many decision-making processes have begun to incorporate an AI element, including prison sentence recommendations, college admissions, hiring, and mortgage approval. In all of these cases, AI models are being trained to help human decision…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Maryam Ashoori , Justin D. Weisz

The rapid progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) could transform many fields, but their fast development creates significant challenges for oversight, ethical creation, and building user trust. This comprehensive review looks at key trust…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Md Meftahul Ferdaus , Mahdi Abdelguerfi , Elias Ioup , Kendall N. Niles , Ken Pathak , Steven Sloan

Auditing plays a pivotal role in the development of trustworthy AI. However, current research primarily focuses on creating auditable AI documentation, which is intended for regulators and experts rather than end-users affected by AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Nicolas Scharowski , Michaela Benk , Swen J. Kühne , Léane Wettstein , Florian Brühlmann

While the increased use of AI in the manufacturing sector has been widely noted, there is little understanding on the risks that it may raise in a manufacturing organisation. Although various high level frameworks and definitions have been…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-17 Alexandra Brintrup , George Baryannis , Ashutosh Tiwari , Svetan Ratchev , Giovanna Martinez-Arellano , Jatinder Singh

Quantitative Artificial Intelligence (AI) Benchmarks have emerged as fundamental tools for evaluating the performance, capability, and safety of AI models and systems. Currently, they shape the direction of AI development and are playing an…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Maria Eriksson , Erasmo Purificato , Arman Noroozian , Joao Vinagre , Guillaume Chaslot , Emilia Gomez , David Fernandez-Llorca

The EU Artificial Intelligence Act (AIA) establishes a lifecycle governance regime for high-risk AI systems built around ex-ante conformity assessment, post-market monitoring, and re-assessment upon "substantial modification." These…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Andrea Ferrario

What makes safety claims about general purpose AI systems such as large language models trustworthy? We show that rather than the capabilities of security tools such as alignment and red teaming procedures, it is security practices based on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Petr Spelda , Vit Stritecky

Powerful new frontier AI technologies are bringing many benefits to society but at the same time bring new risks. AI developers and regulators are therefore seeking ways to assure the safety of such systems, and one promising method under…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Stephen Barrett , Philip Fox , Joshua Krook , Tuneer Mondal , Simon Mylius , Alejandro Tlaie

AI and its relevant technologies, including machine learning, deep learning, chatbots, virtual assistants, and others, are currently undergoing a profound transformation of development and organizational processes within companies.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Tingting Bi , Guangsheng Yu , Qin Wang

The increasing use of AI technologies has led to increasing AI incidents, posing risks and causing harm to individuals, organizations, and society. This study recognizes and addresses the lack of standardized protocols for reliably and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Avinash Agarwal , Manisha J Nene

Concerns about the societal impact of AI-based services and systems has encouraged governments and other organisations around the world to propose AI policy frameworks to address fairness, accountability, transparency and related topics. To…