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Block stacking storage systems are highly adaptable warehouse systems with low investment costs. With multiple, deep lanes they can achieve high storage densities, but accessing some unit loads can be time-consuming. The unit-load…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Jakob Pfrommer , Anne Meyer , Kevin Tierney

Different retail and e-commerce companies are facing the challenge of assembling large numbers of time-critical picking orders that include both small-line and multi-line orders. To reduce unproductive picker working time as in traditional…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-04-14 Lin Xie , Hanyi Li , Laurin Luttmann

This paper is concerned with the container pre-marshalling problem, which involves relocating containers in the storage area so that they can be efficiently loaded onto ships without reshuffles. In reality, however, ship arrival times are…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-05-29 Daiki Ikuma , Shunnosuke Ikeda , Noriyoshi Sukegawa , Yuichi Takano

During the loading phase of a vessel, only the containers that are on top of their stack are directly accessible. If the container that needs to be loaded next is not the top container, extra moves have to be performed, resulting in an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-30 Martijn van Brink , Ruben van der Zwaan

We consider a warehouse in which dozens of mobile robots and human pickers work together to collect and deliver items within the warehouse. The fundamental problem we tackle, called the order-picking problem, is how these worker agents must…

Multi-robot systems in automated warehouses must manage continuous streams of pickup-and-delivery tasks while ensuring efficiency and safety. Prior work on Multi-Agent Pickup-and-Delivery (MAPD) has largely focused on the one-to-one…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Ethan Schneider , Jingkai Chen , Tianyi Gu , Kunlei Lian , Seth Hutchinson , Sonia Chernova

Autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) have been a rapidly expanding research topic for the past decade. Unlike their counterpart, the automated guided vehicle (AGV), AMRs can make decisions and do not need any previously installed infrastructure…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Russell Keith , Hung Manh La

In this paper we investigate a problem associated with operating a robotic mobile fulfilment system (RMFS). This is the problem of allocating orders and mobile storage racks to pickers. We present a two-stage formulation of the problem. In…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-02-27 Cristiano Arbex Valle , John E Beasley

In order to ensure efficient flow of goods in an automated warehouse and to guarantee its continuous distribution to/from picking stations in an effective way, decisions about which goods will be delivered to which particular picking…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-01-23 Jakub Hvězda , Tomáš Rybecký , Miroslav Kulich , Libor Přeučil

In the era of digital commerce, the surge in online shopping and the expectation for rapid delivery have placed unprecedented demands on warehouse operations. The traditional method of order fulfilment, where human order pickers traverse…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Lin Xie , Sonja Otten

With the rapid progress in Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF), researchers have studied how MAPF algorithms can be deployed to coordinate hundreds of robots in large automated warehouses. While most works try to improve the throughput of such…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yulun Zhang , Matthew C. Fontaine , Varun Bhatt , Stefanos Nikolaidis , Jiaoyang Li

This paper investigates the optimization problem of scheduling autonomous mobile robots (AMRs) in hospital settings, considering dynamic requests with different priorities. The primary objective is to minimize the daily service cost by…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-11-28 Lulu Cheng , Ning Zhao , Mengge Yuan , Kan Wu

This work studies rearrangement problems involving the sorting of robots or objects in stack-like containers, which can be accessed only from one side. Two scenarios are considered: one where every robot or object needs to reach a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-07-03 Shuai D. Han , Nicholas M. Stiffler , Kostas E. Bekris , Jingjin Yu

In this work, we investigate the problem of order batching and picker routing in warehouse storage areas. These problems are known to be capital and labour intensive, and often contribute to a sizable fraction of warehouse operating costs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Wei Hao Khoong

Order picking is the single most cost-intensive activity in picker-to-parts warehouses, and as such has garnered large interest from the scientific community which led to multiple problem formulations and a plethora of algorithms published.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-06-26 Giorgio Abelli , Maximilian Katzmann , Imran Khan , Olaf Maurer , Julius Pätzold , Paweł Pszona , Jan-David Salchow

Express companies are deploying more robotic sorting systems, where mobile robots are used to sort incoming parcels by destination. In this study, we propose an integrated assignment and path-finding method for robots in such sorting…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-03-08 Yiduo Huang , Zuojun Shen

The task allocation problem in multi-robot systems (MRTA) is an NP-hard problem whose viable solutions are usually found by heuristic algorithms. Considering the increasing need of improvement on logistics, the use of robots for increasing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-03-02 George S. Oliveira , Juha Röning , Patricia D. M. Plentz , Jônata T. Carvalho

We propose a simulated annealing algorithm specifically tailored to optimise total retrieval times in a multi-level warehouse under complex pre-batched picking constraints. Experiments on real data from a picker-to-parts order picking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-04-05 Alexander Eckrot , Carina Geldhauser , Jan Jurczyk

Multi-Agent Path Finding (MAPF) is an important optimization problem underlying the deployment of robots in automated warehouses and factories. Despite the large body of work on this topic, most approaches make heavy simplifications, both…

The unrestricted block relocation problem is an important optimization problem encountered at terminals, where containers are stored in stacks. It consists in determining the minimum number of container moves so as to empty the considered…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-09-13 Dominique Feillet , Sophie N. Parragh , Fabien Tricoire
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