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Eliciting harmful behavior from large language models (LLMs) is an important task to ensure the proper alignment and safety of the models. Often when training LLMs, ethical guidelines are followed yet alignment failures may still be…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Robert J. Moss

Safety guardrails in large language models (LLMs) are a critical component in preventing harmful outputs. Yet, their resilience under perturbation remains poorly understood. In this paper, we investigate the robustness of safety fine-tuning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Prithviraj Singh Shahani , Kaveh Eskandari Miandoab , Matthias Scheutz

Text-to-image (T2I) models such as Stable Diffusion have advanced rapidly and are now widely used in content creation. However, these models can be misused to generate harmful content, including nudity or violence, posing significant safety…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Zilong Wang , Xiang Zheng , Xiaosen Wang , Bo Wang , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

The safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for the development of trustworthy AI applications. Existing red teaming methods often rely on seed instructions, which limits the semantic diversity of the synthesized adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Muxi Diao , Yutao Mou , Keqing He , Hanbo Song , Lulu Zhao , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

The rapid progress of Large Language Models (LLMs) has opened up new opportunities across various domains and applications; yet it also presents challenges related to potential misuse. To mitigate such risks, red teaming has been employed…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yifan Jiang , Kriti Aggarwal , Tanmay Laud , Kashif Munir , Jay Pujara , Subhabrata Mukherjee

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in research across all disciplines is becoming ubiquitous. However, this ubiquity is largely driven by hyperspecific AI models developed during scientific studies for accomplishing a well-defined,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-12-19 Rishab Jain , Aditya Jain

Large Language Models (LLMs) have excelled at language understanding and generating human-level text. However, even with supervised training and human alignment, these LLMs are susceptible to adversarial attacks where malicious users can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Shachi H Kumar , Saurav Sahay , Sahisnu Mazumder , Eda Okur , Ramesh Manuvinakurike , Nicole Beckage , Hsuan Su , Hung-yi Lee , Lama Nachman

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass safety alignment and elicit harmful responses. A growing body of work shows that contextual priming, where earlier turns covertly bias later replies,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Mario Rodríguez Béjar , Francisco J. Cortés-Delgado , S. Braghin , Jose L. Hernández-Ramos

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in assisting cybersecurity tasks, yet existing approaches struggle with automatic vulnerability discovery and exploitation due to limited interaction, weak execution grounding, and a lack of…

Most language models currently available are prone to self-contradiction during dialogues. To mitigate this issue, this study explores a novel contradictory dialogue processing task that aims to detect and modify contradictory statements in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Xiaofei Wen , Bangzheng Li , Tenghao Huang , Muhao Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are vulnerable to adversarial prompt based injects. These injects could jailbreak or exploit vulnerabilities within these models with explicit prompt requests leading to undesired responses. In the context of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Jonathan Pan , Swee Liang Wong , Yidi Yuan , Xin Wei Chia

Large Language Models (LLMs) are set to reshape cybersecurity by augmenting red and blue team operations. Red teams can exploit LLMs to plan attacks, craft phishing content, simulate adversaries, and generate exploit code. Conversely, blue…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Alsharif Abuadbba , Chris Hicks , Kristen Moore , Vasilios Mavroudis , Burak Hasircioglu , Diksha Goel , Piers Jennings

Language Representation Models (LRMs) trained with real-world data may capture and exacerbate undesired bias and cause unfair treatment of people in various demographic groups. Several techniques have been investigated for applying…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Chloe Qinyu Zhu , Rickard Stureborg , Brandon Fain

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit explicit and implicit biases from their training datasets. Identifying and mitigating biases in LLMs is crucial to ensure fair outputs, as they can perpetuate harmful stereotypes and misinformation. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-19 Fatima Kazi , Alex Young , Yash Inani , Setareh Rafatirad

Trustworthy capability evaluations are crucial for ensuring the safety of AI systems, and are becoming a key component of AI regulation. However, the developers of an AI system, or the AI system itself, may have incentives for evaluations…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Teun van der Weij , Felix Hofstätter , Ollie Jaffe , Samuel F. Brown , Francis Rhys Ward

The application of Machine Learning techniques in code generation is now a common practice for most developers. Tools such as ChatGPT from OpenAI leverage the natural language processing capabilities of Large Language Models to generate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Ricardo Bessa , Rui Claro , João Trindade , João Lourenço

With the rise of text-to-image (T2I) generative AI models reaching wide audiences, it is critical to evaluate model robustness against non-obvious attacks to mitigate the generation of offensive images. By focusing on ``implicitly…

As generative large model capabilities advance, safety concerns become more pronounced in their outputs. To ensure the sustainable growth of the AI ecosystem, it's imperative to undertake a holistic evaluation and refinement of associated…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-12-01 Jiawen Deng , Jiale Cheng , Hao Sun , Zhexin Zhang , Minlie Huang

AI agents, specifically powered by large language models, have demonstrated exceptional capabilities in various applications where precision and efficacy are necessary. However, these agents come with inherent risks, including the potential…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Ishaan Domkundwar , Mukunda N S , Ishaan Bhola , Riddhik Kochhar

Activation probes are attractive monitors for AI systems due to low cost and latency, but their real-world robustness remains underexplored. We ask: What failure modes arise under realistic, black-box adversarial pressure, and how can we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Phil Blandfort , Robert Graham