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The development of a novel exact two-component (X2C) scheme with the inclusion of the picture-change correction for the fluctuation potential, the X2Ccorr scheme, is reported, hereby establishing a hierarchy of X2C schemes with systematic…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Xubo Wang , Sen Wang , Yixuan Wu , Lan Cheng

We present a simple relativistic exact 2-component (X2C) Hamiltonian that models two-electron picture-change effects using Lehtola's superposition of atomic potentials (SAP) [S. Lehtola, J. Chem. Theory Comput. 15, 1593-1604 (2019)]. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-10 Kshitijkumar A. Surjuse , Edward F. Valeev

Using the complete orthonormal sets of radial parts of nonrelativitistic exponential type orbitals (2,1, 0, 1, 2, ...) and spinor type tensor spherical harmonics of rank s the new formulae for the 2(2s+1)-component relativistic spinors…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 I. I. Guseinov

Since its inception, the ReSpect program has been evolving to provide powerful tools for simulating spectroscopic processes and exploring emerging research areas, all while incorporating relativistic effects, particularly spin-orbit…

It is shown that four-component (4C), quasi-four-component (Q4C), and exact two-component (X2C) relativistic Hartree-Fock (HF) equations can be implemented in an unified manner, by making use of the atomic nature of the small components of…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Wenjian Liu

We present the theory, implementation, and benchmark results for a frozen natural spinors-based lower scaling four-component relativistic coupled cluster method. The natural spinors are obtained by diagonalizing the one-body reduced density…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2022-06-15 Somesh Chamoli , Kshitijkumar Surjuse , Malaya K. Nayak , Achintya Kumar Dutta

The 2(2s+1)-component relativistic basis spinors for the arbitrary spin particles are established in position, momentum and four-dimensional spaces, where s=0,1 / 2,1, 3 / 2, 2, ... . These spinors for integral- and half-integral spins are…

General Physics · Physics 2012-06-19 I. I. Guseinov

We present an efficient algorithm for one- and two-component relativistic exact-decoupling calculations. Spin-orbit coupling is thus taken into account for the evaluation of relativistically transformed (one-electron) Hamiltonian. As the…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2013-05-10 Daoling Peng , Nils Middendorf , Florian Weigend , Markus Reiher

In parallel to the unified construction of relativistic Hamiltonians based solely on physical arguments [J. Chem. Phys. 160, 084111 (2024)], a unified implementation of relativistic wave function methods is achieved here via programming…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-07-26 Ning Zhang , Wenjian Liu

By the use of complete orthonormal sets of nonrelativistic scalar orbitals introduced by the author in previous papers the new complete orthonormal basis sets for two- and four-component spinor wave functions, and Slater spinor orbitals…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2008-12-16 I. I. Guseinov

This paper presents the derivation of a kinetic-balance condition for explicitly correlated basis functions employed in semi-classical relativistic calculations. Such a condition is important to ensure variational stability in algorithms…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2015-10-26 Benjamin Simmen , Edit Mátyus , Markus Reiher

A new method is presented that allows for efficient evaluation of spin-orbit coupling (SOC) in density-functional theory calculations. In the so-called second-variational scheme, where Kohn-Sham functions obtained in a scalar-relativistic…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-06-06 Cecilia Vona , Sven Lubeck , Hannah Kleine , Andris Gulans , Claudia Draxl

It has recently been shown that the SOiCI approach [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 34 (2022) 224007], in conjunction with the spin-separated exact two-component relativistic Hamiltonian, can provide very accurate fine structures of systems…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2023-07-18 Yang Guo , Ning Zhang , Wenjian Liu

By the use of complete orthonormal sets of nonrelativistic scalar orbitals introduced by the author in previous papers the new complete orthonormal basis sets for two-and four-component spinor wave functions, and Slater spinor orbitals…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2008-05-06 I. I. Guseinov

We present an efficient implementation of the second-order two-component relativistic core-valence-separated algebraic diagrammatic construction method (CVS-ADC(2)) for core-excitation calculations. The approach employs state-averaged…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-01 Somesh Chamoli , Sudipta Chakraborty , Xubo Wang , Achintya Kumar Dutta

Materials utilized by novel energy systems are often studied using weakly correlated mean-field theories. However, if these systems incorporate heavy elements, relativistic effects must be included. Therefore a Kramers unrestricted Coupled…

Materials Science · Physics 2026-05-21 Luca Murg , Christopher Lane , Roxanne M. Tutchton

In this work, we develop a new orbital optimization approach, perturbative Super-CI (Super-CIPT), for the two-component complete active space self-consistent field (2C-CASSCF) method. By variationally optimizing spinor orbitals and…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-03-04 Yang Guo , Achintya Kumar Dutta

We report an approach for determination of zero-field splitting parameters from four-component relativistic calculations. Our approach involves neither perturbative treatment of spin-orbit interaction nor truncation of the spin-orbit…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Ryan D. Reynolds , Toru Shiozaki

We have presented the theory, implementation, and benchmark results for the one-electronic variant of spin-free exact two-component (SFX2C1e) linear response coupled cluster (LRCCSD) theory for static and dynamic polarizabilities of atoms…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-05-31 Sudipta Chakraborty , Tamoghna Mukhopadhyay , Achintya Kumar Dutta

This paper investigates the dynamics of spin-2 Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with rotation and spin-orbit coupling (SOC). In order to better simulate the dynamics, we present an efficient high-order compact splitting Fourier spectral…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-03-27 Xin Liu , Ziqing Xie , Yongjun Yuan , Yong Zhang , Xinyi Zhao
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