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We study reinforcement learning (RL) fine-tuning of large language model (LLM) agents for long-horizon multi-turn tool use, where context length quickly becomes a fundamental bottleneck. Existing RL pipelines can suffer from degraded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Miao Lu , Weiwei Sun , Weihua Du , Zhan Ling , Xuesong Yao , Kang Liu , Jiecao Chen

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive language capabilities. While most of the existing LLMs have very unbalanced performance across different languages, multilingual alignment based on translation parallel data is an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Shimao Zhang , Changjiang Gao , Wenhao Zhu , Jiajun Chen , Xin Huang , Xue Han , Junlan Feng , Chao Deng , Shujian Huang

As large language models (LLMs) show impressive performance on complex tasks, they still struggle with longer contextual understanding and high computational costs. To balance efficiency and quality, we introduce LLMSteer, a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Zhuohan Gu , Jiayi Yao , Kuntai Du , Junchen Jiang

The remarkable capability of large language models (LLMs) for in-context learning (ICL) needs to be activated by demonstration examples. Prior work has extensively explored the selection of examples for ICL, predominantly following the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Haoyu Liu , Jianfeng Liu , Shaohan Huang , Yuefeng Zhan , Hao Sun , Weiwei Deng , Furu Wei , Qi Zhang

Cross-lingual in-context learning (XICL) has emerged as a transformative paradigm for leveraging large language models (LLMs) to tackle multilingual tasks, especially for low-resource languages. However, existing approaches often rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Mateo Alejandro Rojas , Rafael Carranza

Large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters exhibit in-context learning abilities, enabling few-shot learning on tasks that the model was not specifically trained for. Traditional models achieve breakthrough performance on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Aske Plaat , Annie Wong , Suzan Verberne , Joost Broekens , Niki van Stein , Thomas Back

Long-context modeling is one of the critical capabilities of language AI for digesting and reasoning over complex information pieces. In practice, long-context capabilities are typically built into a pre-trained language model~(LM) through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Luyu Gao , Yunyi Zhang , Jamie Callan

Large Language Models (LLMs) with extended context windows promise direct reasoning over long documents, reducing the need for chunking or retrieval. Constructing annotated resources for training and evaluation, however, remains costly.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Mohamed Elaraby , Jyoti Prakash Maheswari

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities and have been extensively deployed across various domains, including recommender systems. Prior research has employed specialized \textit{prompts} to leverage the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Sichun Luo , Bowei He , Haohan Zhao , Wei Shao , Yanlin Qi , Yinya Huang , Aojun Zhou , Yuxuan Yao , Zongpeng Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Mingjie Zhan , Linqi Song

Addressing the limitation of context length in large language models for code-related tasks is the primary focus of this paper. Existing LLMs are constrained by their pre-trained context lengths, leading to performance issues in handling…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-12 Kechi Zhang , Ge Li , Huangzhao Zhang , Zhi Jin

The adoption of long context windows has become a standard feature in Large Language Models (LLMs), as extended contexts significantly enhance their capacity for complex reasoning and broaden their applicability across diverse scenarios.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Wenxuan Li , Chengruidong Zhang , Huiqiang Jiang , Yucheng Li , Yuqing Yang , Lili Qiu

Large-scale vision-language models (VLMs), e.g., CLIP, learn broad visual concepts from tedious training data, showing superb generalization ability. Amount of prompt learning methods have been proposed to efficiently adapt the VLMs to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Hongyu Hu , Tiancheng Lin , Jie Wang , Zhenbang Sun , Yi Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significant advancements, however, the common learning paradigm treats LLMs as passive information repositories, neglecting their potential for active learning and alignment. Some approaches train…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yiming Liang , Ge Zhang , Xingwei Qu , Tianyu Zheng , Jiawei Guo , Xinrun Du , Zhenzhu Yang , Jiaheng Liu , Chenghua Lin , Lei Ma , Wenhao Huang , Jiajun Zhang

Long-horizon tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and dynamic re-planning remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). Sequential prompting methods are prone to context drift, loss of goal information, and recurrent failure cycles,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Zhang , Tianyi Chen , Weiran Xu , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

In-context learning (ICL) with dynamically selected demonstrations combines the flexibility of prompting large language models (LLMs) with the ability to leverage training data to improve performance. While ICL has been highly successful…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Shivanshu Gupta , Sameer Singh , Ashish Sabharwal , Tushar Khot , Ben Bogin

The efficient distributed training of Large Language Models (LLMs) is severely hampered by the extreme variance in context lengths. This data heterogeneity, amplified by conventional packing strategies and asymmetric forward-backward costs,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuliang Liu , Guohao Wu , Shenglong Zhang , Wei Zhang , Qianchao Zhu , Zhouyang Li , Chenyu Wang

Recent advancements in long-context Large Language Models (LLMs) have primarily concentrated on processing extended input contexts, resulting in significant strides in long-context comprehension. However, the equally critical aspect of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-10 Yuhao Wu , Yushi Bai , Zhiqing Hu , Shangqing Tu , Ming Shan Hee , Juanzi Li , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Reinforcement learning (RL) has become a central post-training paradigm for large language models (LLMs), but its performance is highly sensitive to the quality of training problems. This sensitivity stems from the non-stationarity of RL:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Ningyuan Yang , Weihua Du , Weiwei Sun , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various components of Ontology Matching pipelines. This paper investigates the capability of LLMs to perform ontology matching directly on ontology modules and generate the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Guilherme Sousa , Rinaldo Lima , Cassia Trojahn

This paper addresses the problem of long-context linear system identification, where the state $x_t$ of a dynamical system at time $t$ depends linearly on previous states $x_s$ over a fixed context window of length $p$. We establish a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-03 Oğuz Kaan Yüksel , Mathieu Even , Nicolas Flammarion