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We consider the stochastic linear contextual bandit problem with high-dimensional features. We analyze the Thompson sampling algorithm using special classes of sparsity-inducing priors (e.g., spike-and-slab) to model the unknown parameter…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Sunrit Chakraborty , Saptarshi Roy , Ambuj Tewari

Hindsight Credit Assignment (HCA) refers to a recently proposed family of methods for producing more efficient credit assignment in reinforcement learning. These methods work by explicitly estimating the probability that certain actions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-29 Kenny Young

Reinforcement learning (RL) depends critically on the choice of reward functions used to capture the de- sired behavior and constraints of a robot. Usually, these are handcrafted by a expert designer and represent heuristics for relatively…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-03-03 Xiao Li , Cristian-Ioan Vasile , Calin Belta

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) with deep test-time memorization modules, such as Titans and TTT, represent a promising, linearly-scaling paradigm distinct from Transformers. While these expressive models do not yet match the peak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Zeman Li , Ali Behrouz , Yuan Deng , Peilin Zhong , Praneeth Kacham , Mahdi Karami , Meisam Razaviyayn , Vahab Mirrokni

In decision making problems for continuous state and action spaces, linear dynamical models are widely employed. Specifically, policies for stochastic linear systems subject to quadratic cost functions capture a large number of applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Mohamad Kazem Shirani Faradonbeh , Ambuj Tewari , George Michailidis

Robot learning in high-dimensional control settings, such as humanoid locomotion, presents persistent challenges for reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms due to unstable dynamics, complex contact interactions, and sensitivity to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Khang Nguyen , Khai Nguyen , An T. Le , Jan Peters , Manfred Huber , Ngo Anh Vien , Minh Nhat Vu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

In reinforcement learning (RL), it is often advantageous to consider additional constraints on the action space to ensure safety or action relevance. Existing work on such action-constrained RL faces challenges regarding effective policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Roland Stolz , Michael Eichelbeck , Matthias Althoff

Machine learning models achieve state-of-the-art performance on many supervised learning tasks. However, prior evidence suggests that these models may learn to rely on shortcut biases or spurious correlations (intuitively, correlations that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Sindhu C. M. Gowda , Shalmali Joshi , Haoran Zhang , Marzyeh Ghassemi

We study the policy evaluation problem in multi-agent reinforcement learning, modeled by a Markov decision process. In this problem, the agents operate in a common environment under a fixed control policy, working together to discover the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-01-13 Thinh T. Doan , Siva Theja Maguluri , Justin Romberg

In this paper, we introduce proximal gradient temporal difference learning, which provides a principled way of designing and analyzing true stochastic gradient temporal difference learning algorithms. We show how gradient TD (GTD)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Bo Liu , Ian Gemp , Mohammad Ghavamzadeh , Ji Liu , Sridhar Mahadevan , Marek Petrik

We propose a stochastic approximation (SA) based method with randomization of samples for policy evaluation using the least squares temporal difference (LSTD) algorithm. Our proposed scheme is equivalent to running regular temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-27 L. A. Prashanth , Nathaniel Korda , Rémi Munos

How do we formalize the challenge of credit assignment in reinforcement learning? Common intuition would draw attention to reward sparsity as a key contributor to difficult credit assignment and traditional heuristics would look to temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-11 Dilip Arumugam , Peter Henderson , Pierre-Luc Bacon

Data-driven model predictive control has two key advantages over model-free methods: a potential for improved sample efficiency through model learning, and better performance as computational budget for planning increases. However, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-21 Nicklas Hansen , Xiaolong Wang , Hao Su

Predicting and reasoning about the future lie at the heart of many time-series questions. For example, goal-conditioned reinforcement learning can be viewed as learning representations to predict which states are likely to be visited in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Chongyi Zheng , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Benjamin Eysenbach

In this pilot study, we propose a neuro-inspired approach that compresses temporal sequences into context-tagged chunks, where each tag represents a recurring structural unit or``community'' in the sequence. These tags are generated during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jayanta Dey , Nicholas Soures , Miranda Gonzales , Itamar Lerner , Christopher Kanan , Dhireesha Kudithipudi

Tradable credit schemes (TCS) are an increasingly studied alternative to congestion pricing, given their revenue neutrality and ability to address issues of equity through the initial credit allocation. Modeling TCS to aid future design and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Xiaoyi Wu , Ravi Seshadri , Filipe Rodrigues , Carlos Lima Azevedo

With the decreasing cost of data collection, the space of variables or features that can be used to characterize a particular predictor of interest continues to grow exponentially. Therefore, identifying the most characterizing features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Sali Rasoul , Sodiq Adewole , Alphonse Akakpo

Credit assignment is a fundamental problem in reinforcement learning, the problem of measuring an action's influence on future rewards. Explicit credit assignment methods have the potential to boost the performance of RL algorithms on many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-15 Vyacheslav Alipov , Riley Simmons-Edler , Nikita Putintsev , Pavel Kalinin , Dmitry Vetrov

We consider the problem of efficient credit assignment in reinforcement learning. In order to efficiently and meaningfully utilize new data, we propose to explicitly assign credit to past decisions based on the likelihood of them having led…

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