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Large language models (LLMs) excel in various tasks but remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, where adversaries manipulate prompts to generate harmful outputs. Examining jailbreak prompts helps uncover the shortcomings of LLMs. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Weixiong Zheng , Peijian Zeng , Yiwei Li , Hongyan Wu , Nankai Lin , Junhao Chen , Aimin Yang , Yongmei Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities but remain vulnerable to jailbreaking attacks, which can elicit harmful content from the models by manipulating the input prompts. Existing black-box jailbreaking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Weiwei Qi , Shuo Shao , Wei Gu , Tianhang Zheng , Puning Zhao , Zhan Qin , Kui Ren

Sophisticated phishing attacks have emerged as a major cybersecurity threat, becoming more common and difficult to prevent. Though machine learning techniques have shown promise in detecting phishing attacks, they function mainly as "black…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Bryan Lim , Roman Huerta , Alejandro Sotelo , Anthonie Quintela , Priyanka Kumar

In this paper, we investigate the safety mechanisms of instruction fine-tuned large language models (LLMs). We discover that re-weighting MLP neurons can significantly compromise a model's safety, especially for MLPs in end-of-sentence…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yifan Luo , Zhennan Zhou , Meitan Wang , Bin Dong

Despite explicit alignment efforts for large language models (LLMs), they can still be exploited to trigger unintended behaviors, a phenomenon known as "jailbreaking." Current jailbreak attack methods mainly focus on discrete prompt…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Guanghao Zhou , Panjia Qiu , Mingyuan Fan , Cen Chen , Mingyuan Chu , Xin Zhang , Jun Zhou

Jailbreak attacks represent one of the most sophisticated threats to the security of large language models (LLMs). To deal with such risks, we introduce an innovative framework that can help evaluate the effectiveness of jailbreak attacks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Dong Shu , Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Zihao Zhou , Lingyao Li , Yongfeng Zhang

The wide adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) has attracted significant attention from $\textit{jailbreak}$ attacks, where adversarial prompts crafted through optimization or manual design exploit LLMs to generate malicious contents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Xurui Song , Zhixin Xie , Shuo Huai , Jiayi Kong , Jun Luo

The availability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to a new generation of powerful chatbots that can be developed at relatively low cost. As companies deploy these tools, security challenges need to be addressed to prevent financial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ahmad Alobaid , Martí Jordà Roca , Carlos Castillo , Joan Vendrell

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance across diverse tasks. Nevertheless, they still pose notable safety risks due to potential misuse for malicious purposes. Jailbreaking, which seeks to induce models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hua Tang , Lingyong Yan , Yukun Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Jizhou Huang , Dawei Yin

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) achieve strong reasoning and perception capabilities but are increasingly vulnerable to jailbreak attacks. While existing work focuses on explicit attacks, where malicious content resides in a single…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Xu Zhang , Hao Li , Zhichao Lu

We discover a novel and surprising phenomenon of unintentional misalignment in reasoning language models (RLMs), which we call self-jailbreaking. Specifically, after benign reasoning training on math or code domains, RLMs will use multiple…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Zheng-Xin Yong , Stephen H. Bach

Graph fraud detection has long depended on Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) to propagate and aggregate information across relational data. A critical obstacle in practice, however, is that fraudsters frequently disguise themselves by forging…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Jinsheng Guo , Zhenhao Weng , Yibo Liu , Yan Qiao , Meng Li

Large language models (LLMs) are becoming increasingly integrated into mainstream development platforms and daily technological workflows, typically behind moderation and safety controls. Despite these controls, preventing prompt-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Benyamin Tafreshian

Large language models (LLMs) remain vulnerable to sophisticated prompt engineering attacks that exploit contextual framing to bypass safety mechanisms, posing significant risks in cybersecurity applications. We introduce Jailbreak Mimicry,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Pavlos Ntais

Decompositional jailbreaks pose a critical threat to large language models (LLMs) by allowing adversaries to fragment a malicious objective into a sequence of individually benign queries that collectively reconstruct prohibited content. In…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Bowen Sun , Chaozhuo Li , Yaodong Yang , Yiwei Wang , Chaowei Xiao

Efficient red-teaming method to uncover vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial. While recent attacks often use LLMs as optimizers, the discrete language space make gradient-based methods struggle. We introduce LARGO…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Ran Li , Hao Wang , Chengzhi Mao

While large language models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities across various tasks, they encounter potential security risks such as jailbreak attacks, which exploit vulnerabilities to bypass security measures and generate harmful…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-28 Xinyuan Wang , Victor Shea-Jay Huang , Renmiao Chen , Hao Wang , Chengwei Pan , Lei Sha , Minlie Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across various tasks, yet they remain vulnerable to adversarial manipulations such as jailbreaking via prompt injection attacks. These attacks bypass safety mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Xin Wei Chia , Swee Liang Wong , Jonathan Pan

Large Language Models (LLMs) rapidly reshape modern life, advancing fields from healthcare to education and beyond. However, alongside their remarkable capabilities lies a significant threat: the susceptibility of these models to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Michael Fire , Yitzhak Elbazis , Adi Wasenstein , Lior Rokach

Despite recent advances, Large Language Models remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that bypass alignment safeguards and elicit harmful outputs. While prior research has proposed various attack strategies differing in human readability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Havva Alizadeh Noughabi , Julien Serbanescu , Fattane Zarrinkalam , Ali Dehghantanha