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Spurious correlations are brittle associations between certain attributes of inputs and target variables, such as the correlation between an image background and an object class. Deep image classifiers often leverage them for predictions,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

Deep learning models are known to often learn features that spuriously correlate with the class label during training but are irrelevant to the prediction task. Existing methods typically address this issue by annotating potential spurious…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Weiwei Li , Junzhuo Liu , Yuanyuan Ren , Yuchen Zheng , Yahao Liu , Wen Li

Machine learning models are known to learn spurious correlations, i.e., features having strong relations with class labels but no causal relation. Relying on those correlations leads to poor performance in the data groups without these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Phuong Quynh Le , Jörg Schlötterer , Christin Seifert

Deep learning models often achieve high performance by inadvertently learning spurious correlations between targets and non-essential features. For example, an image classifier may identify an object via its background that spuriously…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

In many classification datasets, the task labels are spuriously correlated with some input attributes. Classifiers trained on such datasets often rely on these attributes for prediction, especially when the spurious correlation is high, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Abhinav Kumar , Amit Deshpande , Amit Sharma

Spurious correlations threaten the validity of statistical classifiers. While model accuracy may appear high when the test data is from the same distribution as the training data, it can quickly degrade when the test distribution changes.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-21 Zhao Wang , Aron Culotta

To enhance group robustness to spurious correlations, prior work often relies on auxiliary group annotations and assumes identical sets of groups across training and test domains. To overcome these limitations, we propose to leverage…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Chenruo Liu , Hongjun Liu , Zeyu Lai , Yiqiu Shen , Chen Zhao , Qi Lei

Recent studies highlight that deep learning models often learn spurious features mistakenly linked to labels, compromising their reliability in real-world scenarios where such correlations do not hold. Despite the increasing research…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-09 Xiwei Xuan , Ziquan Deng , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Kwan-Liu Ma

Deep neural networks have been shown to learn and rely on spurious correlations present in the data that they are trained on. Reliance on such correlations can cause these networks to malfunction when deployed in the real world, where these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

In text classification tasks, models often rely on spurious correlations for predictions, incorrectly associating irrelevant features with the target labels. This issue limits the robustness and generalization of models, especially when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Yuqing Zhou , Ziwei Zhu

Deep classifiers are known to rely on spurious features $\unicode{x2013}$ patterns which are correlated with the target on the training data but not inherently relevant to the learning problem, such as the image backgrounds when classifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Pavel Izmailov , Polina Kirichenko , Nate Gruver , Andrew Gordon Wilson

Recent research has revealed that machine learning models have a tendency to leverage spurious correlations that exist in the training set but may not hold true in general circumstances. For instance, a sentiment classifier may erroneously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Oscar Chew , Hsuan-Tien Lin , Kai-Wei Chang , Kuan-Hao Huang

To address the problem of NLP classifiers learning spurious correlations between training features and target labels, a common approach is to make the model's predictions invariant to these features. However, this can be counter-productive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Parikshit Bansal , Amit Sharma

The reliability of machine learning systems critically assumes that the associations between features and labels remain similar between training and test distributions. However, unmeasured variables, such as confounders, break this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-17 Megha Srivastava , Tatsunori Hashimoto , Percy Liang

Deep neural networks often develop spurious bias, reliance on correlations between non-essential features and classes for predictions. For example, a model may identify objects based on frequently co-occurring backgrounds rather than…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Guangtao Zheng , Wenqian Ye , Aidong Zhang

Neural networks are prone to be biased towards spurious correlations between classes and latent attributes exhibited in a major portion of training data, which ruins their generalization capability. We propose a new method for training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Nayeong Kim , Sehyun Hwang , Sungsoo Ahn , Jaesik Park , Suha Kwak

Identifying spurious correlations learned by a trained model is at the core of refining a trained model and building a trustworthy model. We present a simple method to identify spurious correlations that have been learned by a model trained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-07 Misgina Tsighe Hagos , Kathleen M. Curran , Brian Mac Namee

Learning models have been shown to rely on spurious correlations between non-predictive features and the associated labels in the training data, with negative implications on robustness, bias and fairness. In this work, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-29 Simone Bombari , Marco Mondelli

Deep neural networks often learn and rely on spurious correlations, i.e., superficial associations between non-causal features and the targets. For instance, an image classifier may identify camels based on the desert backgrounds. While it…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Wenqian Ye , Guangtao Zheng , Aidong Zhang

Deep learning has seen widespread success in various domains such as science, industry, and society. However, it is acknowledged that certain approaches suffer from non-robustness, relying on spurious correlations for predictions.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Xiaoling Zhou , Wei Ye , Rui Xie , Shikun Zhang
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