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Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly being used to augment and automate cyber operations, altering the scale, speed, and accessibility of malicious activity. These shifts raise urgent questions about when AI systems introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Krystal Jackson , Deepika Raman , Jessica Newman , Nada Madkour , Charlotte Yuan , Evan R. Murphy

As disinformation-driven cognitive attacks become increasingly sophisticated, the ability to quantify their impact is essential for advancing cybersecurity defense strategies. This paper presents a novel framework for measuring the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Bonnie Rushing , Shouhuai Xu

In this study an exploration of insurance risk transfer is undertaken for the cyber insurance industry in the United States of America, based on the leading industry dataset of cyber events provided by Advisen. We seek to address two core…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2022-03-16 Matteo Malavasi , Gareth W. Peters , Pavel V. Shevchenko , Stefan Trück , Jiwook Jang , Georgy Sofronov

Cyber security threats to the payment and banking system have become a worldwide menace. The phenomenon has forced financial institutions to take risks as part of their business model. Hence, deliberate investment in sophisticated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Williams Haruna , Toyin Ajiboro Aremu , Yetunde Ajao Modupe

This research investigates the potential implications of quantum technology on accounting information systems, and business overall. This endeavor focuses on the vulnerabilities of quantum computers and the emergence of quantum-resistant…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-11-21 Maksym Lazirko

Cyber incidents can have a wide range of cause from a simple connection loss to an insistent attack. Once a potential cyber security incidents and system failures have been identified, deciding how to proceed is often complex. Especially,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Sandro Passarelli , Cem Gündogan , Lars Stiemert , Matthias Schopp , Peter Hillmann

To enable quantitative risk assessment of uncontrollable risk states in complex and coupled IoT systems, a new epistemological equation is designed and tested though comparative and empirical analysis. The comparative analysis is conducted…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-12-19 Petar Radanliev , David De Roure , Pete Burnap , Omar Santos

Recent trends in targeted cyber-attacks has increased the interest of research in the field of cyber security. Such attacks have massive disruptive effects on rganizations, enterprises and governments. Cyber kill chain is a model to…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2016-06-13 Tarun Yadav , Rao Arvind Mallari

Cyber risk assessment is a fundamental activity for enhancing the protection of an organization, identifying and evaluating the exposure to cyber threats. Currently, this activity is carried out mainly manually and the identification and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Marco Angelini , Silvia Bonomi , Alessandro Palma

The Internet of Things (IoT) presents unique cybersecurity challenges due to its interconnected nature and diverse application domains. This paper explores the application of Cyber Value-at-Risk (Cy-VaR) models to assess and mitigate…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-25 Goksel Kucukkaya , Murat Ozer , Emrah Ugurlu

Although AI systems are increasingly being leveraged to provide value to organizations, individuals, and society, significant attendant risks have been identified and have manifested. These risks have led to proposed regulations,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-06 David Piorkowski , Michael Hind , John Richards

There is no standard yet for measuring and controlling the costs associated with implementing cybersecurity programs. To advance research and practice towards this end, we develop a mapping using the well-known concept of quality costs and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Nicole M. Radziwill , Morgan C. Benton

We focus on model risk and risk sensitivity when addressing the insurability of cyber risk. The standard statistical approaches to assessment of insurability and potential mispricing are enhanced in several aspects involving consideration…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2023-03-30 Gareth W. Peters , Matteo Malavasi , Georgy Sofronov , Pavel V. Shevchenko , Stefan Trück , Jiwook Jang

The prominence and use of the concept of cyber risk has been rising in recent years. This paper presents empirical investigations focused on two important and distinct groups within the broad community of cyber-defense professionals and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-06-22 Alessandro Oltramari , Alexander Kott

The challenge of decision-making under uncertainty in information security has become increasingly important, given the unpredictable probabilities and effects of events in the ever-changing cyber threat landscape. Cyber threat intelligence…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-07-17 Martijn Dekker , Lampis Alevizos

The increasing number of cyber threats and rapidly evolving tactics, as well as the high volume of data in recent years, have caused classical machine learning, rules, and signature-based defence strategies to fail, rendering them unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Siva Sai , Ishika Goyal , Shubham Sharma , Sri Harshita Manuri , Vinay Chamola , Rajkumar Buyya

We use a methodology based on a machine learning algorithm to quantify firms' cyber risks based on their disclosures and a dedicated cyber corpus. The model can identify paragraphs related to determined cyber-threat types and accordingly…

Portfolio Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-09-16 Loïc Maréchal , Nathan Monnet

With its significant security potential, the quantum internet is poised to revolutionize technologies like cryptography and communications. Although it boasts enhanced security over traditional networks, the quantum internet still…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zebo Yang , Ali Ghubaish , Raj Jain , Ala Al-Fuqaha , Aiman Erbad , Ramana Kompella , Hassan Shapourian , Reza Nejabati

Considering the ever-evolving threat landscape and rapid changes in software development, we propose a risk assessment framework called SAFER (Software Analysis Framework for Evaluating Risk). This framework is based on the necessity of a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Sarah Ali Siddiqui , Chandra Thapa , Rayne Holland , Wei Shao , Seyit Camtepe

Cybersecurity risk management consists of several steps including the selection of appropriate controls to minimize risks. This is a difficult task that requires to search through all possible subsets of a set of available controls and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Majid Mollaeefar , Silvio Ranise